Midterm - phonetics and phonology

When learning the word photograph, some learners mistakenly stress the second syllable instead of the first. What type of stress is being misapplied?

• Sentence stress

• Lexical stress

• Emphatic stress

• Contrastive stress

A student says, "She bought a preSENT for her friend," instead of "She bought a PREsent..." How might this affect communication?

• It sounds more natural

• It can cause confusion or reduce intelligibility

• It adds politeness

• It's stylistically advanced

Metrical phonology organizes stress into strong and weak positions using a tree-like structure. Why is this approach helpful in analyzing stress patterns in English?

• It does not show hierarchical relationships between stressed and unstressed syllables

• It shows hierarchical relationships between stressed and unstressed syllables

• It only shows hierarchical relationships among, phrase, and phoneme substitution

When someone says, "I said a BLUE pen, not a black one," what kind of stress are they using on blue?

• Lexical

• Contrastive

• Emphatic

• Structural

In a heated discussion, a speaker insists, "I DID call you!"-placing extra stress on "did." What type of stress is this?

• Lexical

• Contrastive

• Emphatic

• Weak

In fast speech, "She has to go" is often heard as "She has tə go." What phonological phenomenon is illustrated here?

• Linking

• Elision

• Weak form

• Intonation shift

In "go on," the final /oʊ/ and the initial /ɒ/ may be joined smoothly in fluent speech. What allows this transition?

• Elision

• Intrusion

• Emphatic stress

• Linking

Consider the sentence, "Do it again." In natural speech, many native speakers insert a slight /w/ sound between "do" and "it." What process is responsible?

• Elision

• Intrusion

• Assimilation

• Stress shift

In the phrase "next day," fast speech often leads to the omission of the /t/, making it sound like "nex day." What is this phenomenon?

• Elision

• Linking

• Reduction

• Vowel epenthesis

Why do native speakers reduce function words such as "of," "to," and "have" in spontaneous conversation?

• To sound more academic

• To speak more efficiently and fluently

• To speak fast and so other may not understand at once.

• To sound more structured and dynamic