Who first introduced the concept of the "marketing mix"?

• McCarthy

• Booms

• Bartels

• Kotler

The 4Ps framework was developed by:

• Bartels

• Bitner

• Chaffey

• McCarthy

What is the main purpose of the marketing mix?

• To manage supply chains

• To coordinate marketing elements

• To design store interiors

• To track user data

Which of the following is not one of the original 4Ps?

• Price

• People

• Product

• Promotion

The 7Ps model was developed to better address:

• Industrial markets

• Traditional advertising

• Service industries

• Product packaging

What does the 'Process' element in the 7Ps focus on?

• Market research

• Distribution costs

• Service delivery flow

• Digital pricing

The 8th 'P' in the digital marketing remix stands for:

• Profit

• Platform

• Partnership

• Packaging

Which 'P' is most affected by automation and self-service tools online?

• Product

• Physical Evidence

• Process

• Place

Digital platforms have mainly transformed which of the following Ps?

• Place and Promotion

• Price and People

• Product and Partnership

• Process and Packaging

Why is 'Partnership' important in the 8Ps model?

• It boosts internal hiring

• It replaces product testing

• It supports collaboration and value creation

• It reduces customer support