Cell Division - Meiosis

Apakah maksud meiosis? / What is the definition of meiosis?

• Pembahagian sel menghasilkan dua sel anak yang sama seperti sel induk. Cell division that produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell.
• Proses pembahagian sel untuk pertumbuhan dan pembaikan. Cell division for growth and repair.
• Pembahagian sel menghasilkan empat sel anak dengan separuh bilangan kromosom. Cell division that produces four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.
• Proses penduaan DNA dalam nukleus. DNA duplication in the nucleus.

Sel manakah menjalani proses meiosis? / Which cell undergoes meiosis?

• Sel kulit / Skin cell
• Sel otot / Muscle cell
• Sel saraf / Nerve cell
• Sel spermatogonium / Spermatogonium cell

Mengapakah meiosis penting dalam pembentukan gamet? / Why is meiosis important in gamete formation?

• Mengekalkan saiz sel / Maintains cell size
• Meningkatkan bilangan kromosom / Increases chromosome number
• Menghasilkan variasi genetik / Produces genetic variation
• Menyebabkan mutasi / Causes mutation

Apakah akan berlaku jika kromosom tidak diagihkan dengan betul dalam meiosis? / What happens if chromosomes are not properly distributed during meiosis?

• Semua anak akan mempunyai bilangan kromosom yang sama. All offspring will have the same chromosome number.
• Anak mungkin mengalami kelainan genetik. Offspring may have genetic disorders.
• Tiada gamet dihasilkan. No gametes are produced.
• Kadar pertumbuhan meningkat. Growth rate increases.

Semasa meiosis I, apakah yang berlaku kepada pasangan kromosom homolog? / During meiosis I, what happens to homologous chromosomes?

• Tidak bergabung / Do not pair
• Terdedah kepada mutasi / Exposed to mutation
• Berpisah dan diagihkan ke dua sel anak / Separate and distributed into two daughter cells
• Membentuk benang gelendong / Form spindle fibres

Apakah perbezaan utama antara meiosis II dan meiosis I? / What is the key difference between meiosis II and meiosis I?

• Penduaan DNA berlaku / DNA replication occurs
• Benang gelendong tidak terbentuk / No spindle formation
• Kromatid berpisah dan bukan kromosom homolog / Chromatids separate, not homologous chromosomes
• Bilangan sel kekal dua / Cell number remains two

Yang manakah membezakan meiosis daripada mitosis? / Which of the following distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?

• Meiosis hanya berlaku dalam tisu otot. / Meiosis only occurs in muscle tissue.
• Mitosis menghasilkan gamet. / Mitosis produces gametes.
• Mitosis mengekalkan bilangan kromosom, meiosis mengurangkannya separuh. / Mitosis maintains chromosome number, meiosis halves it.
• Meiosis menghasilkan dua sel, mitosis empat. / Meiosis produces two cells, mitosis four.

Apakah yang berlaku semasa Profasa I? / What happens during Prophase I?

• Kromosom mula memendek dan menebal. / Chromosomes start to shorten and thicken.
• Kromatid berpisah / Chromatids separate
• Kromosom ke khatulistiwa / Chromosomes align at equator
• Sitoplasma berpisah / Cytoplasm divides

Mengapakah variasi genetik penting kepada spesies? / Why is genetic variation important to a species?

• Membolehkan sel dibahagi lebih cepat. / Allows cells to divide faster.
• Membantu spesies bertahan dalam perubahan persekitaran. / Helps species survive environmental changes.
• Menstabilkan kromosom dalam sel. / Stabilizes chromosomes in cells.
• Menyokong pertumbuhan dan pembaikan. / Supports growth and repair.

Seorang pelajar berkata: “Meiosis menghasilkan sel anak yang identik dengan sel induk.” Apa respon terbaik? / A student said: “Meiosis produces daughter cells identical to the parent cell.” What is the best response?

• Betul, semua sel mesti sama / Correct, all cells must be identical
• Salah, meiosis hasilkan variasi / Wrong, meiosis produces variation
• Betul, bilangan kromosom sama / Correct, same chromosome number
• Salah, sel anak akan bergabung / Wrong, daughter cells will combine