Economic Systems and Family & Kinship Vocabulary

________ – Societies that rely on hunting, fishing, and gathering; generally egalitarian.

• Food Foragers / Hunters & Gatherers

• Pastoralists

• Industrialists

• Agriculturalists

________ – Small-scale farming using simple tools and methods.

• Horticulture

• Pastoralism

• Industrial agriculture

• Aquaculture

________ – Herding domesticated animals for subsistence.

• Pastoralism

• Agriculture

• Industrialism

• Fishing

________ – The maximum population size an environment can sustain.

• Carrying Capacity

• Population Density

• Biotic Potential

• Limiting Factor

________ – Taming and breeding of plants and animals for human use.

• Domestication

• Migration

• Irrigation

• Deforestation

________ – Theory that organisms forage in a way that maximizes energy gain.

• Optimal Foraging Theory

• Competitive Exclusion Principle

• Kin Selection Theory

• Island Biogeography Theory

________ – Study of human economic behavior in a cross-cultural context.

• Economic Anthropology

• Cultural Ecology

• Political Science

• Linguistic Anthropology

________ – Debate over whether Western economic theory can be applied to all cultures.

• Formalists vs. Substantivists

• Structuralists vs. Functionalists

• Modernists vs. Postmodernists

• Capitalists vs. Socialists

________ – Exchange of goods and services; includes generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity.

• Reciprocity

• Redistribution

• Market exchange

• Barter

________ – Collection of goods by a central authority and redistribution back to society.

• Redistribution

• Barter

• Production

• Consumption