BMS I Exam Review

1st reaction of Krebs cycle?

• Formation of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl‑CoA

• Oxidation of isocitrate to α‑ketoglutarate

• Conversion of succinyl‑CoA to succinate

• Hydration of fumarate to malate

Examples of disaccharides?

• Sucrose, lactose, maltose

• Glucose, fructose, galactose

• Starch, cellulose, glycogen

Order NADH electrons travel through complexes?

• Complex I → III → IV

• Complex II → III → IV

• Complex I → II → IV

• Complex III → I → IV

Structure of Glycogen?

• α(1,4) glycosidic bonds with (1,6) branching

• β(1,4) linkages with (1,6) branching

• α(1,2) linkages only

• Linear α(1,4) structure, no branches

How non-essential amino acids are made?

• Transamination

• Oxidative phosphorylation

• Deamination

• Beta‑oxidation

Mono‑oxygenase for drug detoxification?

• Cytochrome P450

• Flavin-containing monooxygenase

• Alcohol dehydrogenase

• UDP‑glucuronosyltransferase

Which process generates ATP aerobically?

• Glycolysis

• Beta-oxidation

• Oxidative phosphorylation

• Fermentation

What is the primary cause of lactose intolerance?

• Maltase deficiency

• Glucose transporter mutation

• Lactase deficiency

• Sucrase overproduction

What is the intermediate between glycolysis and the TCA cycle?

• Glucose-6-phosphate

• Oxaloacetate

• Acetyl CoA

• Pyruvate kinase

What is the major pathway for generating glucose in the kidneys?

• Glycolysis

• Gluconeogenesis

• Glycogenolysis

• Lipogenesis