02. Changing coastal environments

What are the factors that affect coastal processes and coastal landforms?

• Only waves and currents

• Local geology and human activity

• Changes in sea level and coastal engineering

• All of the above

Which type of erosion involves air being trapped in cracks and released with explosive force?

• Corrasion

• Attrition

• Hydraulic action

• Corrosion

What is the process called when waves move up the beach in one direction and back down in another?

• Saltation

• Longshore drift

• Traction

• Suspension

Which type of transportation involves grains being carried by turbulent flow?

• Bedload

• Traction

• Saltation

• Suspended load

What happens to sediments like clay during deposition?

• They dissolve in water

• They become lighter and float

• They form a lump and become heavier

• They break into smaller pieces

What is the term used to describe the movement of sediment along the shore due to wave action?

• Longshore drift

• Tidal wave

• Ocean current

• Coastal erosion

Which type of wave is characterized by a short wavelength and high frequency?

• Destructive waves

• Constructive waves

• Tsunami waves

• Tidal waves

What effect does wave refraction have on wave fronts as they approach the shore?

• Wave fronts break parallel to the shore

• Wave fronts increase in speed

• Wave fronts become more circular

• Wave fronts move away from the shore

What is the fetch in relation to waves?

• The amount of open water over which a wave has passed

• The height of a wave

• The speed of a wave

• The frequency of a wave

What type of rocks form headlands?

• Hard rocks

• Soft rocks

• Sedimentary rocks

• Igneous rocks