Objective of machine design is to:

• Reduce component size

• Minimize cost

• Ensure functionality, reliability, and safety

• Use expensive materials

Stiffness is the material’s resistance to:

• Deformation under load

• Fracture

• Hardness

• Plastic flow

Young’s modulus measures:

• Strength

• Stiffness

• Toughness

• Ductility

Factor of safety =

• Yield stress × Working stress

• Yield / Working stress

• Working / Yield

• Ultimate / Working

Working stress must be:

• Greater than yield

• Equal to yield

• Less than yield

• Twice yield

Stress stored due to temperature changes is:

• Tensile

• Shear

• Thermal

• Compressive

Tensile stress formula is:

• Force × Area

• Force / Area

• Area / Force

• None

Stress is measured in:

• Pascals

• Newtons

• N/mm²

• m/s²

Poisson’s ratio =

• Lateral strain / Longitudinal strain

• Longitudinal / Lateral

• Stress / Strain

• Load / Area

Brittle materials typically fail by:

• Tension

• Compression

• Shear

• Plastic deformation