Ch 1

Elements, molecules , mixtures

• Matter

• Basic submicroscopic particles that constitute the

  fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter

• Chemistry

• science that seeks to

  understand matter and its properties.

• Molecules

• Composed of particles

• Atoms

• anything that takes up space

• matter

• Particles formed when two or more atoms bond

  together in specific geometric arrangements

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Determines how matter behaves

• atoms

• elements

• molecules

• substances

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

NGSS.HS-PS1-3

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

classification of matter

• composition

• its physical

  form (e.g., solid, liquid,

  or gas) based on what

  properties it exhibits;

• state

• Types of particles

• Increasing temperature

• The state of matter changes

  from solid to liquid to gas

  with

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Solids

• vibrate

• Free movement

• fixed volume

• fixed shape

Liquid

• tight packed

• fixed shape

• fixed volume

• free movement

• No movement

Answer explanation

Take shape of container

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Gas

• compressible

• free movement

• shape varies

• fixed volume

• Volume varies

matter

• Mixture

• The first division in the classification of matter is between

  a

• pure substance

• made up of only one component,

  and its composition is invariant.

• Pure substance and mixture

• by contrast, is a substance composed of two

  or more components in proportions that can vary from

  one sample to another.

.

• compound

• substance composed of two or more

  elements in fixed, definite proportions

• homogeneous

• Not uniform mixture

• Element

• cannot be chemically

  broken down into simpler substances.

• heterogenous

• uniform mixture

.

• heterogeneous

• All portions of a sample have the same composition and

  properties

• homogeneous

• salt

• Heterogenous

• one made of multiple

  substances, but it appears to be one substance.

• compound

• is one in which the

  composition varies from one region of the mixture to

  another.

• Homogeneous

• sand and water

match

• data

• Observations, verification of observations, and

  experimentation can lead scientists to formulate a

  hypothesis.

• Hypothesis

• Observations

• falsifiable

• a good hypothesis is

• hypothesis

• process for understanding

  nature by observing nature and its behavior through

  experimentation.

• Scientific method

• tentative interpretation or explanation

  of the observations.