Chapter 7 Key Terms

What is the definition of Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD)?

• A circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterised by a shift of the major sleep episode to an earlier time compared to desired or conventional sleep times, resulting in sleep onset and awakening much earlier than desired and excessive sleepiness.

• A sleep disorder where individuals have difficulty falling asleep and waking up at conventional times, often resulting in late-night insomnia and difficulty waking in the morning.

• A disorder characterised by repeated episodes of cessation of breathing during sleep, leading to fragmented sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness.

• A condition where individuals experience vivid dreams and muscle atonia during wakefulness, often leading to sudden sleep attacks.

What does affective functioning refer to?

• The attitude or emotion elicited by a stimulus (such as sleep deprivation).

• The ability to recall information accurately.

• The process of logical reasoning and problem-solving.

• The coordination of physical movements.

What does behavioural functioning refer to?

• The effects on behaviour elicited by a stimulus (such as sleep deprivation).

• The process of learning new skills through observation.

• The ability to recall past experiences accurately.

• The development of language and communication skills.

What is blood-alcohol concentration (BAC)?

• A measure of alcohol in the body expressed as grams of alcohol/100 mL of blood.

• A measure of blood pressure in the arteries.

• A measure of oxygen in the blood.

• A measure of sugar in the blood.

What is blue light?

• A colour in the visible light spectrum that can be seen by human eyes; common sources are sunlight, phone screens, LED lights etc.

• A type of sound wave produced by electronic devices.

• A form of ultraviolet radiation harmful to humans.

• A type of radio wave used for communication.

What is bright light therapy?

• A technique for treating circadian rhythm sleep disorders that uses timed exposure of the eyes to light with the aim of shifting an individual’s sleep-wake cycle to a desired, more appropriate or conventional schedule.

• A method of treating allergies by exposing the skin to ultraviolet light.

• A therapy that uses sound waves to improve concentration and memory.

• A form of physical exercise performed under intense lighting conditions.

What is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder?

• A sleep disorder involving sleep disturbance that is primarily due to a mismatch between an individual’s sleep–wake pattern and the pattern that is desired or required.

• A disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness due to narcolepsy.

• A sleep disorder caused by frequent nightmares or night terrors.

• A disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

What does cognitive functioning refer to?

• The effects on cognitive processes elicited by a stimulus (such as sleep deprivation).

• The physical strength of an individual.

• The ability to digest food efficiently.

• The process of cellular respiration.

What is daylight?

• Natural light from the sun.

• Artificial light from bulbs.

• Light from the moon.

• Light from fire.

What is Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS)?

• A condition in which the major sleep episode is delayed in relation to the desired sleep time or what is considered a conventional time.

• A disorder where individuals fall asleep much earlier than normal.

• A syndrome characterized by frequent awakenings during the night.

• A condition where a person is unable to sleep at all.