Exploring the Human Brain and Reflexes

What are the main parts of the human brain and their functions?

• Cerebrum (vision and hearing)

• Brainstem (emotions and decision making)

• The main parts of the human brain are the cerebrum (thought and action), cerebellum (movement and balance), brainstem (basic life functions), and limbic system (emotions and memory).

• Cerebellum (memory and learning)

How does the cerebral cortex contribute to higher brain functions?

• The cerebral cortex contributes to higher brain functions by processing sensory information, enabling decision-making, problem-solving, and language.

• Controlling basic reflexes and motor functions

• Regulating heart rate and blood pressure

• Storing long-term memories and emotions

What role do neurotransmitters play in communication between neurons?

• Neurotransmitters block signals between neurons.

• Neurotransmitters are only found in the bloodstream.

• Neurotransmitters are responsible for muscle contraction.

• Neurotransmitters facilitate communication between neurons by transmitting signals across synapses.

Name two major neurotransmitters and their functions.

• GABA and its effect on heart rate

• Acetylcholine and its role in muscle contraction

• Glutamate and its function in vision

• Dopamine and serotonin

A part of the body which responds to the instructions sent from nervous system is called

• Receptor

• effector

What are the different types of neurons and their roles in the nervous system?

• Digestive neurons that control gut functions

• Emotional neurons that regulate feelings

• Cognitive neurons that process thoughts

• The three types of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

Describe the pathway of a reflex action from stimulus to response.

• Stimulus → Interneuron → Sensory Neuron → Effector

• Stimulus → Motor Neuron → Effector → Response

• Stimulus → Sensory Receptor → Brain → Response

• The pathway of a reflex action is: Stimulus → Sensory Receptor → Sensory Neuron → Spinal Cord → Interneuron → Motor Neuron → Effector (Muscle) → Response.

What are the components of a reflex arc?

• The components of a reflex arc are: sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector.

• sensory neuron, effector, and spinal cord

• sensory receptor, motor neuron, and brain

• interneuron, motor neuron, and muscle fiber

How does the spinal cord contribute to reflex actions?

• Reflex actions are solely controlled by the brain without spinal cord involvement.

• The spinal cord only transmits signals to the brain for processing.

• The spinal cord has no role in reflex actions, which are purely voluntary.

• The spinal cord facilitates reflex actions by processing sensory input and generating motor output directly.

What is the difference between a voluntary action and a reflex action?

• Voluntary actions are involuntary and reflex actions are controlled.

• Voluntary actions are always faster than reflex actions.

• Reflex actions require conscious thought to occur.

• Voluntary actions are conscious and controlled, while reflex actions are automatic and involuntary.