Grade 10 – Human Brain | Control & Coordination

Which part of your brain helps you solve problems and store memories?

• Pons

• Cerebrum

• Medulla

• Hypothalamus

Answer explanation

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It controls thinking, decision-making, learning, memory, and voluntary actions like writing or speaking.

The part of the brain that controls breathing and heartbeat is the _______.

Answer explanation

The medulla is a part of the hindbrain that controls involuntary actions such as breathing, heartbeat, sneezing, and vomiting.

Which brain part is labeled A, and what is its main function?

• Midbrain – Vision reflex

• Pons – Breathing control

• Cerebrum – Thinking and learning

• Cerebellum – Balance and movement

Answer explanation

The cerebellum is found below the cerebrum, at the back of the brain. It helps the body stay balanced, maintain posture, and move smoothly.

Which part of the brain controls basic emotions, hunger, and thirst?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Answer explanation

The hypothalamus controls important body functions like emotions, hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

In a reflex action, which of the following steps happens second?

• Sensory nerve sends a message

• Muscles react instantly

• You touch a hot object

• Spinal cord sends a signal to the muscles

Answer explanation

A reflex action is a quick, automatic response to a stimulus — like pulling your hand away from a hot object — and it's controlled by the spinal cord, not the brain.

Here is the correct sequence of events in a reflex arc:

1. 1. You touch a hot object
   This is the first event. Your skin (a sense organ) detects a harmful stimulus — in this case, heat.

2. 2. Sensory nerves send a message
   The sensory neurons immediately carry this signal (pain or heat) from the skin to the spinal cord.
   This is the second step, as it transmits the signal for processing.

3. 3. Spinal cord sends a signal to the muscles
   The spinal cord, acting as the processing center in a reflex, sends a quick command through motor neurons to the muscles.

4. 4. Muscles react instantly
   Finally, the muscles receive the command and pull your hand away, often before you're even fully aware of the pain.

The clear liquid that protects the brain by absorbing shocks is called the ____________.

Answer explanation

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is a transparent liquid that flows around the brain and spinal cord.
It serves two major purposes:

• Protection: It acts like a cushion that absorbs mechanical shocks when you move, jump, or accidentally bump your head.

• Support: It also helps keep the brain "floating" inside the skull, reducing pressure from its own weight.

Without CSF, even a small impact could damage the soft brain tissue. That’s why this fluid is vital for both shock absorption and maintaining a stable brain environment.

Which labeled part controls balance and coordination?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Answer explanation

The cerebellum is located at the back and lower part of the brain. Its main job is to:

• (i) Maintain body balance and posture

• (ii) Coordinate smooth and precise muscle movements

Without the cerebellum, even simple actions like walking, running, or writing would be jerky and uncoordinated.
While the cerebrum decides what to do (like "raise your hand"), the cerebellum makes sure you do it gracefully and accurately, by fine-tuning the motion.

Based on the passage, what controlled Riya’s leg movement?

• Spinal Cord

• Cerebellum

• Hypothalamus

• Pons

Which combination of brain parts worked together during this event?

• Cerebrum

• Pons
  

• Cerebellum

• Cerebrospinal Fluid

• Medulla

If your cerebellum stopped working properly, what changes would you notice in your body’s movement or posture? Write your answer in 1–2 sentences.