General Biology II Exam 2 Part 2

What is complementary base pairing in nucleic acids?

• A pairs with G and C pairs with T

• A pairs with T (or U in RNA) and G pairs with C

• A pairs with C and G pairs with T

• A pairs with T and C pairs with G

What is the primary structure of RNA?

• The circular sequence of nucleotides.

• The branched structure of nucleotides.

• The linear sequence of nucleotides.

• The double helix structure of nucleotides.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• 1) Nitrogenous Base, Ribose Sugar, Phosphate Group

• 2) Amino Acid, Ribose Sugar, Phosphate Group

• 3) Nitrogenous Base, Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate Group

• 4) Nitrogenous Base, Ribose Sugar, Glucose

why is DNA packaging important in eukaryotic cells?

• Fits the genome in the nucleus

• Enables proper chromosome separation during cell division

• Changes to gene expression

• Protects DNA from damage

What are the three types of information stored in DNA?

• 1) Genetic Material, Instructions for Gene Expression Regulation (On/Off), Instructions for its replication

• 2) Genetic Material, Instructions for Protein Synthesis, Instructions for Cell Division

• 3) Genetic Material, Instructions for Metabolism, Instructions for Cellular Respiration

• 4) Genetic Material, Instructions for Environmental Response, Instructions for Energy Production

What is a polynucleotide?

• A polymer made of many nucleotide monomers linked together.

• A type of protein made of amino acids.

• A simple sugar molecule.

• A lipid composed of fatty acids.

Which type of nucleotide is used in RNA and which in DNA?

• RNA uses deoxyribonucleotides; DNA uses ribonucleotides

• RNA uses ribonucleotides; DNA uses deoxyribonucleotides

• RNA uses nucleotides; DNA uses ribonucleotides

• RNA uses ribonucleotides; DNA uses ribonucleotides

Why can RNA produce many functional classes like proteins?

• Because RNA can fold into complex 3D (tertiary) shapes and form quaternary structures by interacting with other RNAs or molecules.

• Because RNA is more stable than DNA and can replicate itself easily.

• Because RNA can only exist in a single linear form without any interactions.

• Because RNA is less complex than proteins and does not require folding.

What type of bond holds base pairs together?

• Ionic bonds

• Covalent bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Metallic bonds

What is the difference between coding and non-coding RNAs?

• Coding RNA (mRNA) is translated into proteins

• Non-coding RNAs (e.g., rRNA, tRNA) perform structural, regulatory, or catalytic roles

• Both coding and non-coding RNAs are translated into proteins

• Non-coding RNAs are only involved in protein synthesis