Immunology Concepts

What is the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

• Humoral immunity involves T cells targeting infected cells, while cell-mediated immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells.

• Humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells targeting infected or cancerous cells.

• Humoral immunity is a response to bacterial infections, while cell-mediated immunity is a response to viral infections.

• Humoral immunity is faster than cell-mediated immunity, which takes longer to respond.

What is the role of neutrophils in the immune response?

• Neutrophils are the first responders to sites of infection, where they engulf and destroy pathogens.

• Neutrophils produce antibodies to neutralize toxins.

• Neutrophils are responsible for the production of red blood cells.

• Neutrophils help in the formation of blood clots.

What is the significance of memory cells in the immune response?

• They produce antibodies immediately upon infection.

• They allow for a faster and more effective response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

• They are responsible for the initial detection of pathogens.

• They eliminate all pathogens from the body upon first exposure.

What is the significance of the immune response in controlling chronic diseases?

• It helps in the regulation of inflammation and tissue repair.

• It completely eliminates all pathogens from the body.

• It has no effect on chronic diseases.

• It only responds to acute infections.

What is the role of the immune system in responding to fungal infections?

• The immune system produces hormones to fight fungal infections.

• The immune system targets fungal infections through various mechanisms, including phagocytosis and antibody production.

• The immune system ignores fungal infections unless they become severe.

• The immune system relies solely on T-cells to combat fungal infections.

What is the role of the immune system in cancer therapy?

• To enhance the immune response against tumors, utilizing immunotherapy approaches.

• To directly kill cancer cells without any immune involvement.

• To prevent the spread of cancer to other parts of the body.

• To replace damaged cells with healthy ones.

What is the role of the immune system in responding to infections in the elderly?

• The immune system becomes more effective, leading to better responses to infections.

• The immune system may become less effective, leading to increased vulnerability to infections.

• The immune system remains unchanged, providing the same level of protection as in younger individuals.

• The immune system overreacts, causing more harm than good in elderly individuals.

What is the role of the immune system in maintaining gut health?

• The immune system regulates the microbiome and responds to pathogens.

• The immune system primarily aids in digestion and nutrient absorption.

• The immune system has no significant role in gut health.

• The immune system only protects against foodborne illnesses.

What is the difference between specific and non-specific immunity?

• Specific immunity provides a general defense against all pathogens, while non-specific immunity targets specific pathogens with tailored responses.

• Specific immunity targets specific pathogens with tailored responses, while non-specific immunity provides a general defense against all pathogens.

• Specific immunity is faster than non-specific immunity, which is slower.

• Non-specific immunity is more effective than specific immunity in all cases.

What is the role of the skin in the immune system?

• The skin acts as a physical barrier to pathogens and produces antimicrobial substances.

• The skin regulates body temperature and hydration levels.

• The skin absorbs nutrients and oxygen from the environment.

• The skin serves as a storage site for fat and energy.