Ôn tập các số đến 100 000

How learners consciously memorize grammar rules

How SLA coccurs through comprehensible input

How learners practice speaking from the beginning

How teachers correct students’ grammatical errors

The learner’s next stage of development

The teacher’s level of language proficiency

The amount of input a learner receives

The learner’s current linguistic competence

By memorizing grammatical explanations

By translating every unfamiliar word

Through repeated pronunciation practice

Through context and extra-linguistic information

An adult talks about unfamiliar topics with a young child.

An adult uses language about what is happening around the child.

An adult explains difficult grammar rules to a young child.

An adult introduces abstract ideas without giving any context.

Because learners can acquire language without understanding input.

Because teachers should avoid previously acquired language structures.

Because understood input naturally contains a range of language structures.

Because learners only need to focus on one structure at a time.

Input can contain several structures around the learner’s current level.

Input should contain only one new structure at a time.

Input should avoid structures that learners have already acquired.

Input should focus mainly on structures beyond the learner’s level.

Correcting every speaking error immediately during classroom activities.

Using visuals and context to make classroom language understandable.

Teaching only the structure students are expected to acquire next.

Teaching grammar rules before students hear meaningful language.

Slowing down, repeating, and changing yes/no questions

Focusing only on one grammatical structure

Talking about abstract ideas without context

Using increasingly complex language regardless of comprehension

Finely tuned input focuses on one structure, while roughly tuned input focuses on meaning.

Finely tuned input focuses on meaning, while roughly tuned input focuses on one structure.

Finely tuned input focuses on speaking, while roughly tuned input focuses on writing.

Finely tuned input is comprehensible, while roughly tuned input is always incomprehensible.