Research Methods Glossary for Quiz

What is the term for a systematic error in thinking, data collection, or interpretation that can affect the validity of research findings?

• Bias

• Variable

• Control

• Randomization

What is the term for when the researcher's expectations or beliefs influence the outcome of the study, consciously or unconsciously?

• Researcher bias

• Sampling error

• Placebo effect

• Double-blind procedure

What is the term for when participants act in ways they think the researcher wants or behave unnaturally due to being observed (also includes demand characteristics)?

• Participant bias

• Observer bias

• Social desirability

• Experimenter effect

What is the term for when the sample is not representative of the population, limiting generalisability?

• Sampling bias

• Measurement error

• Random assignment

• Placebo effect

What is the term for the tendency to notice or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses?

• Confirmation bias

• Anchoring bias

• Availability heuristic

• Hindsight bias

What is the term for when studies with positive or significant results are more likely to be published than studies with null or negative results?

• Publication bias

• Sampling error

• Recall bias

• Selection bias

What is the term for when research or its interpretation unfairly favours one gender over another?

• Gender bias

• Sampling error

• Confirmation bias

• Random assignment

What is the term for the tendency to interpret and judge phenomena based on one's own cultural norms, often neglecting other perspectives?

• Culture bias

• Cultural relativism

• Ethnocentrism

• Multiculturalism

What is the term for methods used to select participants for a study, such as random, stratified, or convenience sampling?

• Sampling techniques

• Data analysis methods

• Measurement tools

• Statistical tests

What is the term for systematic ways of thinking that deviate from logic or rational judgment, influencing how information is processed?

• Cognitive biases

• Logical fallacies

• Heuristic algorithms

• Empirical methods