Understanding Matter and Its Properties

What are the three main states of matter?

• gas, liquid, crystal

• solid, liquid, plasma

• solid, liquid, gas

• plasma, vapor, foam

Describe the characteristics of solids.

• Solids have a variable shape and volume.

• Solids can easily be compressed.

• Solids are characterized by having a definite shape and volume, closely packed particles, incompressibility, and rigidity.

• Solids are made up of loosely packed particles.

How do liquids differ from gases in terms of particle arrangement?

• Liquids have closely packed particles that can move past each other, while gases have widely spaced particles that move freely.

• Liquids have particles that are far apart and move freely, while gases are closely packed.

• Liquids have particles that are fixed in place, while gases have particles that are closely packed.

• Gases have tightly packed particles that cannot move, while liquids have spaced particles that flow.

What happens to the particles in a substance when it changes from solid to liquid?

• The particles remain stationary and unchanged.

• The particles evaporate into gas without changing state.

• The particles gain energy and move more freely.

• The particles lose energy and become more compact.

Define the term 'melting point'.

• The melting point is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.

• The melting point is the temperature at which a liquid evaporates into a gas.

• The melting point is the temperature at which a solid becomes a plasma.

• The melting point is the temperature at which a gas condenses into a liquid.

What is evaporation and how does it occur?

• Evaporation occurs when water is heated to its boiling point.

• Evaporation is the process of ice melting into water.

• Evaporation is the process of liquid water turning into vapor, occurring when surface molecules gain enough energy to escape into the air.

• Evaporation is the process of vapor turning into liquid water.

Explain what happens to the motion of particles when a gas is cooled.

• The particles condense into a liquid state without any change in motion.

• The particles move faster as they gain kinetic energy.

• The motion of particles slows down as they lose kinetic energy.

• The motion of particles remains unchanged regardless of temperature.

What is a mixture? Provide an example.

• An example of a mixture is pure gold.

• A mixture is a chemical compound like salt.

• A mixture is a single substance like water.

• An example of a mixture is sand and salt.

Differentiate between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture.

• A homogeneous mixture is always solid, while a heterogeneous mixture is always liquid.

• A homogeneous mixture can be easily separated into its components, while a heterogeneous mixture cannot.

• A homogeneous mixture has distinct layers, while a heterogeneous mixture is completely blended.

• A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition, while a heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition.

What is a solution? How is it different from a mixture?

• A mixture is always a liquid solution.

• A solution is always a solid substance.

• A solution cannot contain more than one solute.

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent, while a mixture can be heterogeneous and consists of distinct substances.