Ageing Quiz

Which of the following is most likely to be affected if a person has issues with short-term memory (STM)?

• Executive/working memory function

• Procedural memory

• Semantic memory

• Classical conditioning

Which statement best describes non-declarative memory according to the overview?

• It is healthy overall but has slower processing speed

• It is always impaired in memory complaints

• It only includes episodic memory

• It is responsible for executive/working memory function

Using the evidence from the meta-analysis, what can be inferred about the cognitive demands of higher N-back values (2-4) for older adults compared to younger adults?

• Older adults experience greater difficulty, shown by lower accuracy and slower response times

• Younger adults experience greater difficulty, shown by lower accuracy and slower response times

• Both groups perform equally well at higher N-back values

• Older adults outperform younger adults at higher N-back values

Why might researchers be interested in studying changes in the default-mode network's functional connectivity as people age?

• Because it is the only network unaffected by ageing.

• Because decreased connectivity in this network is linked to age-associated structural and cognitive changes.

• Because it is responsible for motor functions only.

• Because it increases in connectivity with age.

Using the ERP evidence presented, how might you explain the neural basis for age-related differences in memory performance?

• Age-related differences in memory performance may be due to reduced mid-frontal and left parietal EM effects in older adults.

• Age-related differences are unrelated to ERP effects.

• Older adults have enhanced EM effects, leading to better memory performance.

• Young adults have no EM effects, resulting in poorer memory performance.

A researcher wants to test the effect of tDCS on memory by comparing real and sham conditions. What is the purpose of including a sham condition in the experiment?

• To control for placebo effects and ensure that observed changes are due to actual stimulation

• To increase the electrical current delivered to the brain

• To measure the brain's natural activity without any intervention

• To excite all regions of the brain simultaneously

Which brain region is linked to the frontal lobe (FL) in the context of familiarity and tDCS?

• Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

• Perirhinal cortex

• Ventral temporal pole

• Dorsomedial nuclei of thalamus

A person walks into a room and forgets why they entered. Which memory system is most likely involved in this scenario?

• Long-term memory

• Procedural memory

• Short-term memory

• Classical conditioning

Which of the following best characterizes the role of the hippocampus in memory processing?

• It only supports short-term memory storage.

• It regulates motor coordination during memory tasks.

• It is responsible for procedural memory formation.

• It is primarily involved in recollection-based memory retrieval.

During a working memory task, which brain region is most commonly associated with executive control?

• Perirhinal cortex

• Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

• Mammillary bodies

• Ventral temporal pole