Câu hỏi về Con đường Tơ lụa

Question 1: Why does the author emphasize reanalyzing ancient Chinese foreign trade

policies (the Silk Road and the tribute system) in light of modern international trade

competition?

• A. Because modern scholars discovered that the ancient Silk Road never existed and

  need new evidence.

• B. To provide perspective on how historical Chinese patterns of trade and diplomacy

  might inform current initiatives like the Belt and Road.

• C. To show that China had zero economic interactions prior to the Belt and Road in

  2013.

• D. Because foreign trade in ancient China was exclusively about maritime routes,

  ignoring land-based connections.

(lưu ý học thuộc câu này ) Question 2: What did German scholar Friedrich von Richthofen do, according to the

text?

• A. He coined the term “Silk Road” in 1877 to describe trans-Eurasian exchange routes.

• B. He led the first official Han envoy to the West and documented it in detail.

• C. He claimed that ancient China focused solely on maritime exploration, calling it the

  “Maritime Road.”

• D. He banned use of the term “Silk Road” in 19th-century Europe.

Question 3: According to the article, why did Emperor Wu of Han initially send Zhang

Qian westward?

• A. To discover new maritime connections across the Indian Ocean.

• B. To establish direct trade missions with the Roman Empire for silk exports.

• C. To seek alliances (e.g., with Kushan/Darouzhi) against the nomadic Xiongnu and

  open a route west.

• D. Merely for personal curiosity about foreign customs, without any strategic purpose.

Question 4: The article mentions that alongside overland routes, maritime trade was

already developing. Which statement best reflects this view?

• A. Maritime routes did not exist before the Ming dynasty’s Zheng He voyages.

• B. Maritime exchanges began as early as the Han period, with goods traveling from

  Chinese coastal cities to Southeast Asia and beyond.

• C. All maritime trade was banned in the Han dynasty to avoid piracy.

• D. The text claims that only the Three Kingdoms era briefly had maritime trade.

Question 5: Why did Dunhuang become a crucial site for the Silk Road in Han times?

• A. It was the only place in China where silk was woven.

• B. Because it was a major military and economic nexus in the northwest, facilitating

  travel and trade routes that split into northern and southern paths across Central Asia.

• C. Dunhuang was the main capital of the Han dynasty, where the emperor resided.

• D. The text states Dunhuang was a purely religious site with no trade function.

Question 6: The author describes the tribute system broadly as:

• A. A strictly economic model in which China’s neighbors had to buy goods from the

  empire at fixed prices.

• B. A wide-ranging network of political, economic, and cultural interactions with ancient

  China at the center, including official tributary missions and reciprocal titles or gifts.

• C. A system created exclusively by the European colonial powers in East Asia.

• D. The Ming term for banning all commerce and isolating China.

Question 7: Why could the Western Han effectively establish a “tribute trade system”

centered on China?

• A. The Western Han had no competitors in Asia after crushing the Xiongnu and

  occupying every foreign capital permanently.

• B. After defeating the Xiongnu and consolidating power, the Han was by far the

  dominant regional force, so neighboring states recognized its primacy to gain legitimate

  recognition or trade benefits.

• C. It relied solely on maritime routes and left Central Asia ignored.

• D. Non-Han polities refused to submit, making the tribute system impossible to

  implement..

Question 8: What does the article say about the tribute system in the eras following the

Han (e.g., after the Western Jin disintegration)?

• A. It ended permanently after the Han and never reappeared in subsequent dynasties.

• B. It weakened and became less stable due to internal turmoil and external invasions,

  with new policies emerging such as “restraint” and partial acceptance of local leaders.

• C. The Song dynasty made the tribute system mandatory for all nations worldwide.

• D. It was replaced by a complete free-trade agreement with no political obligations.

Question 9: The article details how, under the Tang, certain “dependent” or “enemy”

states were classified. Which statement aligns with that categorization?

• A. Tang recognized only one category of states, demanding all provide heavy tributes

  with no exceptions.

• B. Tang recognized internal dependencies (like governor-king “fiefs”), near-enemy

  states with partial autonomy, and more powerful polities that Tang accepted in a more

  equal manner.

• C. The Tang never engaged with other states diplomatically, focusing solely on internal

  trade.

• D. All states had to be annexed directly as Tang provinces if they wanted trade.

Question 10: How did the Ming dynasty handle foreign trade under its tribute-oriented

policy?

• A. They permitted unlimited private ventures by Chinese merchants to any foreign port.

• B. The Ming banned all shipping and destroyed all vessels to remain fully isolated.

• C. The Ming used rigorous tribute trade protocols—only state-sanctioned missions

  could trade; private voyages were typically forbidden (though often practiced illegally).

• D. The author argues that the Ming ended the tribute system by focusing solely on land

  caravans.