What does the `exec()` system call do in Unix/Linux?

• Spawns a new process

• Duplicates the process

• Replaces the current process with a new program

• Exits the current process

Which of the following scheduling algorithms may lead to starvation?

• FCFS

• Round Robin

• Shortest Job First

• Priority Scheduling

Which algorithm is used in demand paging to decide which page to replace?

• FIFO

• LRU

• Optimal

• All of the above

In UNIX, what happens if a child process is orphaned?

• It’s terminated immediately

• It’s taken over by the kernel

• It’s adopted by the init process

• It halts the system

In a multi-core system, CPU affinity helps by:

• Restricting a process to run on a specific core

• Allowing only one process at a time

• Preventing I/O operations

• Speeding up memory fetch

Which structure maintains the status of all active memory pages in a system?

• Page Map Table

• Translation Lookaside Buffer

• Page Table

• Frame Map

Which of the following is an example of a real-time OS?

• MS-DOS

• VxWorks

• Windows 10

• Ubuntu

The difference between a zombie and an orphan process is:

• Zombies use more CPU

• Orphans are adopted by init; zombies are dead but not reaped

• Orphans become zombies

• Orphans block I/O

Which Linux utility is best used to trace system calls?

• lsof

• gdb

• strace

• netstat

How does Copy-on-Write improve performance during fork()?

• Copies entire memory block

• Uses memory swapping

• Shares memory pages until a write is performed

• Skips loading libraries