3.3 Exchange of Materials with the Environment

What are the characteristics of exchange surfaces in an organism?

• Thick, dry, and small surface area

• Thin, moist, and large surface area

• Thick, moist, and small surface area

• Thin, dry, and small surface area

Why is a rich blood supply important in many animals for the exchange of gases?

• It helps in the storage of gases.

• It facilitates the exchange of gases by diffusion between internal and external environments.

• It prevents the loss of gases from the body.

• It increases the thickness of exchange surfaces.

Describe how the structure and function of the respiratory system facilitate the exchange of gases in animals.

• The respiratory system stores gases for later use.

• The respiratory system provides thin, moist surfaces with a large surface area and a rich blood supply.

• The respiratory system prevents gases from entering the body.

• The respiratory system only removes waste gases from the body.

What type of process is the diffusion of respiratory gases in animals?

• Active process requiring energy

• Passive process not requiring additional energy

• Chemical process requiring enzymes

• Mechanical process involving muscles only

Which exchange surface is located in the lungs and is part of the respiratory system?

• Villi

• Nephrons

• Alveoli

• Capillaries

Which substances are exchanged at the alveoli in the lungs?

• Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids

• Urea, water, salts

• Oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour

• Proteins, vitamins, minerals

Where are villi located and what is their main function?

• Lungs; exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

• Small intestine; absorption of nutrients like glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and water

• Kidneys; filtration of blood

• Heart; pumping blood

Which organ system do nephrons belong to, and what substances do they exchange?

• Digestive system; glucose and amino acids

• Respiratory system; oxygen and carbon dioxide

• Excretory system; urea, water, salts

• Circulatory system; blood and plasma

Which of the following is NOT a part of the human respiratory system?

• Diaphragm

• Sternum

• Right lung

• Femur

What is the main function of the trachea in the respiratory system?

• To filter blood

• To transport air to the lungs

• To digest food

• To produce hormones