Which age-related change in the integumentary system primarily contributes to delayed wound healing in older adults?

• Increased melanin production

• Decreased collagen and subcutaneous fat

• Enhanced sebaceous gland activity

• Improved vascular supply to the dermis

An 85-year-old patient has been bedridden for two weeks. Which area is MOST likely to develop a pressure ulcer first?

• Abdomen

• Forearm

• Sacrum

• Thigh

A nurse notices warmth, redness, and tenderness over a patient's heel. What is the most appropriate immediate nursing intervention?

• Apply a heating pad to increase circulation

• Massage the area vigorously to improve blood flow

• Reposition the patient and avoid pressure on the heel

• Apply a cold compress to reduce inflammation

Why should older adults avoid using hot water during bathing?

• It increases the risk of bacterial infections

• It can cause excessive drying of already compromised skin

• It stimulates overproduction of sebum

• It interferes with vitamin D synthesis

Which nursing diagnosis would be MOST appropriate for an older adult with thinning subcutaneous tissue?

• Ineffective thermoregulation related to decreased insulation

• Impaired gas exchange related to skin thickness

• Excess fluid volume related to skin changes

• Ineffective breathing pattern related to chest wall changes

What is the recommended frequency for repositioning an immobile older adult to prevent pressure ulcers?

• Every 15 minutes

• Every 30 minutes

• Every 2 hours

• Every 4 hours

An older patient complains that their nails have become dull and brittle. This change is primarily due to:

• Increased keratin production

• Enhanced blood flow to nail beds

• Reduced vascular supply to the nailbed

• Excessive moisture in the nail matrix

Which intervention is MOST appropriate for nail care in older adults?

• Cutting nails with sharp scissors

• Soaking nails in warm water before filing

• Using metal files only

• Trimming nails very short

Why is skin turgor considered a poor estimate of hydration status in older adults?

• Increased elasticity makes assessment difficult

• Excessive subcutaneous fat interferes with assessment

• Decreased collagen and subcutaneous fat affect skin elasticity

• Enhanced blood flow alters skin texture

Which type of soap should be recommended for older adults?

• Antibacterial soap

• Deodorant soap

• Soap with high fat content

• Medicated soap