Final review

What is the principle behind the glucose pad on a urine dipstick?

• Sodium nitroprusside reaction

• Ehrlich’s aldehyde reaction

• Glucose oxidase-peroxidase reaction

• Protein-error of indicators

A positive ketone test indicates the presence of which ketone body?

• Acetone

• Beta-hydroxybutyrate

• Acetoacetate

• All of the above

Which test detects the enzyme released by white blood cells?

• Nitrite

• Leukocyte esterase

• Blood

• Urobilinogen

A positive nitrite result suggests:

• Viral infection

• Gram-negative bacterial UTI

• Hematuria

• Overhydration

What is the reaction principle of the bilirubin test on the dipstick?

• Peroxidase activity

• Griess reaction

• Diazo reaction

• Ehrlich’s aldehyde reaction

A decreased or absent urobilinogen result could suggest:

• Liver failure

• Hemolysis

• Obstructive jaundice

• Dehydration

Which of the following would cause a high specific gravity?

• Overhydration

• Glycosuria

• Bacterial UTI

• Alkaline urine

The protein pad on the dipstick works on which principle?

• Colorimetric reaction with pH indicator

• Oxidation of bilirubin

• Enzyme activity of leukocytes

• Reaction with sodium nitroprusside

Which of the following causes alkaline urine?

• Diabetic ketoacidosis

• High-protein diet

• Post-meal urine

• Starvation

Hemoglobin and myoglobin both cause a positive result on which test?

• Protein

• Blood

• Glucose

• Nitrite