
Latihan Soal MH - part 7

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University
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Esther Haris
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54 questions
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1.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
A unicystic lesion is found radiographically in the posterior mandible with linear margin extending from the crown of unerupted lower third molar. The most appropriate histology diagnosis of this lesion is:
Odontogenic keratocyst
Adenomatoid odontogenic cyst
Unicystic ameloblastoma
Radicular cyst
Dentigerous cyst
Answer explanation
**Jawaban yang paling tepat:** Dentigerous cyst
---
### Penjelasan dalam Bahasa Indonesia:
Pertanyaannya menjelaskan sebuah lesi radiolusen yang bersifat unisistik (satu ruangan/lumen) yang terlihat secara radiografis di mandibula posterior (rahang bawah bagian belakang), dan berkaitan dengan mahkota gigi molar ketiga bawah yang belum erupsi.
Mari kita telaah satu per satu pilihan jawabannya:
---
### 1. Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)
* Lesi ini memang sering muncul di mandibula posterior dan bisa tampak unisistik.
Namun, OKC *tidak selalu berkaitan dengan gigi yang tidak erupsi**, dan biasanya memiliki batas tidak terlalu menempel pada mahkota gigi, berbeda dengan gambaran khas dentigerous cyst.
Histologinya menunjukkan *epitel parakeratin**, dan pertumbuhannya agresif dan rekuren.
🔺 Kemungkinan, tapi kurang cocok dengan keterkaitan erat ke mahkota gigi unerupsi.
---
### 2. Adenomatoid odontogenic cyst (AOC)
Biasanya terjadi di *maksila anterior (rahang atas depan)**, bukan mandibula posterior.
Sering ditemukan pada *wanita muda**, dan terkait dengan gigi kaninus impaksi.
Secara histologis, mengandung *struktur seperti duktus kelenjar (adenomatoid)**.
🔺 Lokasi dan gigi terkait tidak sesuai dengan soal.
---
### 3. Unicystic ameloblastoma
Bisa muncul di mandibula posterior dan menyerupai *kista dentigerous secara radiografis**, serta terkait dengan gigi impaksi.
Namun diagnosis ini *memerlukan konfirmasi histopatologis**, dan lebih jarang terjadi dibanding dentigerous cyst.
Histologinya menunjukkan *epitel ameloblastik**.
🔺 Kemungkinan alternatif jika dari hasil biopsi ditemukan jaringan ameloblastik, tapi bukan diagnosis utama berdasarkan radiograf.
---
### 4. Radicular cyst
Disebabkan oleh *infeksi pada gigi non-vital (mati)**.
Umumnya muncul di *ujung akar gigi**, bukan di sekitar mahkota gigi unerupsi.
* Tidak berkaitan dengan gigi impaksi, dan biasanya bukan di area molar ketiga yang belum tumbuh.
🔺 Tidak sesuai gambaran radiografik dan posisi lesi.
---
### 5. Dentigerous cyst ✅
* Ini adalah jawaban paling tepat.
Merupakan *kista odontogenik yang paling umum** terkait dengan mahkota gigi yang belum erupsi (impaksi), terutama molar ketiga bawah.
Terlihat sebagai *lesi unisistik dengan batas radiolusen** yang mengelilingi mahkota gigi, sering kali mulai dari enamel junction (CEJ).
Histologi memperlihatkan *lapisan epitel pipih non-keratinisasi**.
✅ Sangat cocok dengan deskripsi kasus dalam soal.
---
### Ringkasan:
> Lesi unisistik di mandibula posterior yang mengelilingi mahkota gigi molar ketiga unerupsi paling sesuai dengan Dentigerous cyst.
Jika butuh ilustrasi perbandingan atau tabel ringkasan perbedaan antar kista, saya bisa bantu juga.
2.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Odontogenic infections are most commonly caused by:
Spirocaeta
Mixed bacteria
Aerobic bacteria
Anaerobic bacteria
Streptococci
Answer explanation
Jawaban yang paling tepat: ✅ Mixed bacteria
---
### Penjelasan dalam Bahasa Indonesia:
Infeksi odontogenik (infeksi yang berasal dari jaringan gigi dan sekitarnya) paling sering disebabkan oleh campuran berbagai jenis bakteri, baik aerob (membutuhkan oksigen) maupun anaerob (tidak membutuhkan oksigen). Oleh karena itu, disebut sebagai infeksi polimikroba (*mixed bacterial infection*).
Mari kita bahas setiap pilihan:
---
### 1. Spirochaeta
Merupakan kelompok bakteri berbentuk spiral, seperti Treponema* (misal Treponema pallidum penyebab sifilis).
* Tidak umum sebagai penyebab utama infeksi odontogenik.
🔺 Kurang relevan dalam konteks infeksi gigi.
---
### 2. Mixed bacteria ✅
Infeksi odontogenik biasanya disebabkan oleh *kombinasi bakteri aerob dan anaerob**.
Contohnya: Streptococcus* (aerob/fakultatif anaerob), Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus (anaerob).
* Merupakan penyebab paling umum dari abses periapikal, selulitis wajah, dan infeksi ruang dalam.
✅ Jawaban paling akurat berdasarkan patogenesis nyata dari infeksi gigi.
---
### 3. Aerobic bacteria
Memang berperan, tapi *tidak sendiri**.
Dalam infeksi odontogenik, *biasanya hanya menjadi bagian dari campuran dengan bakteri anaerob**.
🔺 Sebagian benar, tapi tidak lengkap.
---
### 4. Anaerobic bacteria
* Memiliki peran penting dalam infeksi odontogenik, khususnya pada kondisi abses dan jaringan nekrotik.
Namun, *jarang bekerja sendiri — sering bersama dengan bakteri aerob.**
🔺 Penting tapi tidak satu-satunya penyebab.
---
### 5. Streptococci
Terutama Streptococcus viridans* (bagian dari flora normal rongga mulut).
Merupakan kontributor utama, tetapi *tidak satu-satunya bakteri penyebab.**
🔺 Sering ditemukan, tapi bukan satu-satunya penyebab infeksi.
---
### Kesimpulan:
> Infeksi odontogenik paling sering disebabkan oleh mixed bacteria — campuran antara bakteri aerob dan anaerob. Maka, jawaban terbaik adalah: ✅ Mixed bacteria.
3.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Osteomyelitis of the jaw can be cured by:
Resection
Physiotherapy
Drainage
Sequestrectomy with antibiotic treatment
Incision
Answer explanation
Jawaban yang paling benar adalah:
Sequestrectomy with antibiotic treatment
Penjelasan:
Osteomyelitis adalah infeksi tulang yang sering disebabkan oleh bakteri, dan di tulang rahang (mandibula lebih sering dibanding maksila), ini bisa menjadi kondisi kronis jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Penatalaksanaan osteomyelitis harus menyeluruh untuk menghilangkan sumber infeksi dan mendukung penyembuhan tulang.
Mengapa Sequestrectomy with antibiotic treatment adalah pilihan terbaik:
Sequestrectomy adalah pembedahan untuk mengangkat jaringan tulang mati atau nekrotik (sequestrum) yang menjadi tempat berkembang biaknya bakteri dan menghambat penyembuhan.
Setelah jaringan nekrotik dibuang, antibiotik sistemik diperlukan untuk mengeliminasi infeksi yang tersisa di jaringan hidup.
Kombinasi ini terbukti efektif sebagai standar emas dalam mengobati chronic osteomyelitis.
Mengapa opsi lain tidak tepat:
Resection: terlalu agresif untuk kasus biasa, hanya dipilih pada kasus sangat parah yang tidak merespon terapi konservatif.
Physiotherapy: tidak relevan untuk infeksi tulang.
Drainage: hanya menangani abses, bukan osteomyelitis itu sendiri.
Incision: serupa dengan drainage, tidak menyelesaikan sumber infeksi di tulang.
Kesimpulan:
Penanganan osteomyelitis memerlukan pendekatan bedah (sequestrectomy) untuk membuang sumber infeksi, dan antibiotik untuk membasmi bakteri — menjadikan "Sequestrectomy with antibiotic treatment" sebagai jawaban paling tepat.
4.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
What is the most appropriate diagnosis of a lesion of mixed density (radiopaque and radiolucent) with clear radiolucent margin in the posterior mandible above the mandibular canal?
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
Peripheral ameloblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Odontoma complex-type
Fibrous dysplasia
Answer explanation
The most appropriate diagnosis is:
Odontoma complex-type
🦷 Explanation:
A lesion of mixed density (radiopaque and radiolucent) with a clear radiolucent margin in the posterior mandible above the mandibular canal is characteristic of a complex odontoma.
📌 Why Complex Odontoma fits:
Mixed radiodensity: Odontomas are composed of dental tissues (enamel, dentin, cementum), making them radiopaque with a radiolucent halo (the follicular capsule).
Location: Common in the posterior mandible.
Well-defined radiolucent margin: The radiolucent rim is typical, representing a fibrous capsule.
Complex vs Compound:
Complex odontoma: Disorganized mass of dental tissues (not tooth-like structures).
Compound odontoma: Multiple small, tooth-like structures, more common in the anterior maxilla.
❌ Why other options are less likely:
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: Usually occurs in the anterior maxilla and often associated with an unerupted canine.
Peripheral ameloblastoma: Occurs in soft tissue outside the bone, not intraosseous; and usually not radiopaque.
Osteosarcoma: Aggressive, often shows poorly defined borders and sunburst appearance—not a well-defined mixed lesion.
Fibrous dysplasia: Has a ground-glass appearance, ill-defined margins, and is not usually encapsulated.
✅ Final Answer: Odontoma complex-type
5.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Patient with history of trauma in early young age, swelling that arise in years, without any pain, and aspiration biopsy reveal empty result. This condition may arise in:
Fibrous dysplasia
Radicular cyst
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour
Traumatic bone cyst
Odontogenic Myxoma
Answer explanation
The most appropriate diagnosis is:
Traumatic bone cyst
🧠 Explanation:
Traumatic bone cyst (TBC), also called simple bone cyst or solitary bone cyst, is a non-epithelial, pseudocystic lesion of the jaw, commonly seen in young individuals.
🔍 Key clues from the question that point to traumatic bone cyst:
History of trauma in early age: Often associated with minor trauma, though not always remembered clearly.
Swelling develops slowly over years: TBC is typically asymptomatic and discovered incidentally or when swelling develops gradually.
No pain: TBCs are usually painless.
Aspiration biopsy yields an empty result: Classic finding. Traumatic bone cysts often contain no fluid or only a small amount of serous or blood-tinged fluid, often reported as “empty”.
❌ Why the other options are unlikely:
Fibrous dysplasia: Usually presents with bony expansion and ground-glass radiographic appearance, not empty on aspiration.
Radicular cyst: Related to non-vital teeth and usually contains fluid or cellular debris, not empty.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT): Typically associated with unerupted teeth (often canines), usually in anterior maxilla, and shows solid content.
Odontogenic myxoma: True neoplasm, usually shows honeycomb/multilocular appearance, and contains gelatinous/sticky material, not empty.
✅ Final Answer: Traumatic bone cyst
6.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Which of the following answer is *not* criteria for successful mandibular bone reconstruction?
Restoration of acceptable facial form
Recoverable, nondebilitating donor site surgery
Restoration of alveolar bone height
Restoration of neurosensory deficit
Restoration of mandibular continuity
Answer explanation
The correct answer is:
Restoration of neurosensory deficit
🦴 Explanation:
Mandibular bone reconstruction is primarily aimed at restoring form and function, particularly in terms of bone structure, facial contour, and oral function. The key criteria for success include:
✅ Restoration of acceptable facial form – to maintain or restore aesthetic appearance.
✅ Recoverable, nondebilitating donor site surgery – the donor site (e.g., fibula, iliac crest) should heal well without causing permanent disability.
✅ Restoration of alveolar bone height – critical for future dental rehabilitation, like implants or prosthetics.
✅ Restoration of mandibular continuity – essential to restore strength, mastication, and alignment.
❌ Why "Restoration of neurosensory deficit" is not a standard criterion:
Neurosensory recovery (e.g., inferior alveolar nerve function) is often difficult or unpredictable after trauma or surgery.
Although desirable, it is not a required benchmark for a successful bone reconstruction.
In many cases, the focus is on structural integrity and function, not necessarily nerve regeneration.
✅ Final Answer: Restoration of neurosensory deficit
7.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
30 sec • 1 pt
Which of the following flap could be used to close an intraoral defect after mandibular resection that involved soft tissue excision?
Rehmann Flap
Radial forearm flap
Abbe eslander flap
Epithelial flap
Z-plasty regional flap
Answer explanation
The correct answer is:
Radial forearm flap
🧠 Explanation:
After mandibular resection involving soft tissue excision, especially for tumors or trauma, reconstruction must restore both intraoral lining and sometimes external skin. The flap chosen must provide:
Thin, pliable soft tissue
Reliable vascular supply
Ability to reach intraoral defects
Sufficient surface area
✅ Radial forearm flap:
Highly vascularized fasciocutaneous free flap.
Thin and flexible, ideal for intraoral lining.
Commonly used in head and neck reconstruction.
Can be harvested with skin, fascia, and sometimes tendon or bone (osteocutaneous).
Microsurgical technique is required to anastomose vessels.
❌ Why other options are incorrect:
Rehmann Flap: Not typically used for intraoral defects; may refer to cheek or regional skin flaps, less flexible.
Abbe-Estlander Flap: Used in lip reconstruction, especially when preserving oral competence, not for intraoral lining after mandibular resection.
Epithelial flap: This is a vague term and not a standard reconstructive option in this context.
Z-plasty regional flap: A local flap used for scar revision or lengthening tissue, not suited for intraoral soft tissue reconstruction.
✅ Final Answer: Radial forearm flap
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