Free Radicals and Schizophrenia Quiz

What are free radicals?

• Antioxidants

• Ionised particles in the body

• Bacterial toxins

• Neutral atoms

Which process normally generates free radicals in the body?

• Breathing pure oxygen

• Eating fast food

• Normal metabolism

• Drinking water

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include all except:

• Hydroxyl radical

• Hydrogen peroxide

• Sodium chloride

• Superoxide

What is the primary source of superoxide in cells?

• Plasma membrane

• Mitochondrial electron transport chain

• Ribosomes

• Cytoplasm

Hydrogen peroxide is:

• A free radical

• A strong base

• A reactive oxygen species

• A carbohydrate

Which radical is produced by nitric oxide and superoxide interaction?

• Hydroxyl

• Peroxynitrite

• Carbon radical

• Sulfur radical

Schizophrenia is characterized by:

• Only hallucinations

• Impaired glucose metabolism

• Disordered thoughts and emotions

• Autoimmune reactions

What is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

• Social withdrawal

• Lack of motivation

• Hallucinations

• Emotional flatness

One of the earliest hypotheses of schizophrenia points to disturbances in:

• DNA synthesis

• Protein digestion

• Dopamine metabolism

• Calcium homeostasis

What is oxidative stress?

• Shortage of oxygen

• Deficiency in blood sugar

• Excess ROS/RNS and imbalance with antioxidants

• High blood pressure