221 middlelate childhood

Which of the following best describes the relationship between screen time and cognitive outcomes in middle childhood?

• Increased screen time is associated with better multitasking abilities.

• High screen time improves verbal reasoning and executive function.

• Excessive screen time is linked to reduced brain connectivity and cognitive control.

• Screen time does not significantly affect physical or cognitive development.

Which of the following disabilities has shown the most dramatic increase in diagnosis rates in recent years?

• Dyscalculia

• Autism Spectrum Disorder

• ADHD

• Dyspraxia

Which brain region is particularly important for executive functioning and often shows delayed development in children with ADHD?

• Occipital lobe

• Hippocampus

• Prefrontal cortex

• Amygdala

The delayed peak in cerebral cortex thickness in children with ADHD is thought to result from:

• Excessive stimulation from environment

• Neurodegeneration in the parietal lobe

• Delayed or decreased myelination

• Overactivation of sensory processing regions

The term “operations” in Piaget’s theory refers to:

• External physical movements used to solve problems

• Mental actions that are reversible

• The ability to engage in hypothetical reasoning

• The process of habituation to stimuli

A child who can mentally reverse a sequence of actions and understands conservation tasks is most likely in which Piagetian stage?

• Preoperational

• Formal operational

• Concrete operational

• Sensorimotor

Which of the following is not a characteristic symptom of ADHD?

• Hyperactivity

• Inattention

• Language delay

• Impulsivity

Which of the following is a focus of intervention for children with dyslexia?

• Emotional regulation therapy

• Social interaction training

• Reading-focused intensive instruction

• Arithmetic problem solving

The most common type of learning disability in children is:

• Dysgraphia

• Autism

• Dyslexia

• ADHD

Which of the following best reflects the concept of an Individualized Education Plan (IEP)?

• A list of disabilities a child may have

• A classroom seating arrangement strategy

• A personalized document outlining goals and school services

• A type of intelligence test for children with disabilities