222 knowledge categorization

Which of the following best distinguishes episodic memory from semantic memory?

• Episodic memory is based on repetition, while semantic memory is not.

• Episodic memory stores general knowledge, while semantic memory stores emotional experiences.

• Episodic memory includes temporal context, while semantic memory lacks source information.

• Semantic memory is more prone to forgetting due to its abstract nature.

In semantic networks, the phenomenon where activation of one concept leads to the activation of related concepts is known as:

• Associative clustering

• Spreading activation

• Node priming

• Connection propagation

Which experimental task provides evidence for semantic priming through faster reaction times?

• Stroop Task

• Free Recall Task

• Lexical Decision Task

• N-back Task

According to Collins & Quillian’s model, why does “A canary can sing” yield faster RT than “A canary has skin”?

• Singing is a more familiar action.

• Skin is not stored at the same level of hierarchy.

• “Sing” is more emotionally salient.

• Retrieval is based on frequency of exposure.

What does the "cognitive economy" principle refer to in the Hierarchical Semantic Network Model?

• Limiting information to only episodic memory

• Storing common properties at the highest possible hierarchical level

• Reducing cognitive load by avoiding memory recall

• Removing redundant information from sensory memory

Which of the following undermines the idea of fixed link strength in the hierarchical model?

• The spreading activation theory

• Typicality effect

• Lexical decision task findings

• Source monitoring errors

In the modified semantic network model by Collins & Loftus, which of the following is not a feature?

• Fixed-length links

• Varying link lengths

• Typicality effects

• Absence of strict hierarchy

Which model explains semantic memory as being reconstructed based on cues rather than retrieved?

• Classical view

• Connectionist model

• Hierarchical network model

• Prototype model

In connectionist models, what is the purpose of back propagation?

• To generate new semantic categories

• To strengthen episodic memory traces

• To refine network accuracy through error correction

• To reclassify prototypes based on new inputs

According to Barsalou's perceptual symbol theory, which of the following plays a direct role in semantic memory?

• Logical reasoning patterns

• Sensory and motor experiences

• Rehearsal strategies

• Source retrieval mechanisms