Hydration & Electrolyte Balance

A client presents with dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and hypotension. Which fluid imbalance does the nurse suspect?

• Fluid volume excess

• Fluid volume deficit

• Hypokalemia

• Hypernatremia

Which of the following is a priority assessment for a patient receiving IV potassium chloride?

• Temperature

• Respiratory rate

• Urine output

• Pupillary reaction

The nurse is caring for a patient with hyponatremia. Which of the following interventions is appropriate?

• Administer hypotonic IV fluids

• Encourage oral water intake

• Restrict free water

• Provide salt substitutes

A female client reports urinary leakage when she laughs or sneezes. What type of incontinence is this?

• Functional

• Stress

• Urge

• Overflow

Which statement best explains the need to restart a 24-hour urine collection?

• Urine appears dark in color

• Collection was started at noon

• The patient missed one urine collection

• The container was not refrigerated

Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient with nocturia, urgency, and incomplete emptying?

• Urinary retention

• Functional incontinence

• Risk for infection

• Impaired urinary elimination

The most accurate method to assess kidney function in a client is:

• Measurement of serum creatinine clearance

• Urinalysis for protein

• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test

• Physical examination of the abdomen

A client has been taking a stimulant laxative daily for 3 years. What nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?

• Diarrhea

• Perceived constipation

• Risk for constipation

• Ineffective therapeutic regimen

The nurse prepares to irrigate a colostomy. What is the primary purpose of using a cone-tipped irrigator?

• To speed up the process

• To prevent solution leakage

• To eliminate gas

• To prevent infection

What dietary instruction should be given to a patient with constipation?

• Limit water to reduce bloating

• Increase fiber and fluid intake

• Avoid physical activity