Graded Notes (The Early Middle Ages) T1: L1

The thousand years between the fall of the Roman empire in 476 to 1453 is known as the _____

The capital city of the Byzantine Empire was (a)   . Its location allowed it to be Europe's busiest marketplace. ​

Emperor Justinian was the sole ruler of Byzantine empire with complete authority. He was an ​ (a)   .

(a)   was a secret weapon that likely contained petroleum and gave the Byzantine navy a significant advantage over their enemies.

In 600 and 700s, Arab armies overran the wealthy Byzantine provinces of Egypt and ​ (a)   , before advancing on Constantinople. The city resisted the Arab advance, giving a measure of security to the small German kingdoms of Western Europe.

​

The strongest and most successful of the Germanic kingdoms during the Middle Ages was that of the (a)   . In 486 C.E., their king, Clovis, conquered the former Roman province of Gaul, later known as France.

When a Muslim army crossed into France, Charles Martel rallied Frankish warriors. The Christian Franks defeated and stopped a Muslim invasion of Western Europe from the Iberian Peninsula at the Battle of ​ (a)   in 732.

In 768, the grandson of Charles Martel, the hammer, became king of the Franks. He built an empire that reached across what is today France, Germany, parts of Italy, and Spain. He became known as (a)   . He spent much of his 46-year reign fighting Muslims in Spain, Saxons in the North, and Slavs in the East.

To restore Roman Glory, Justian launched a program to make Constantinople grander than ever. His great triumph wa rebuilding the​ (a)   , which means "Holy Wisdom"

Charlemagne kept control of his provinces by sending out ____ ____ to check on roads, listen to grievances, and see that justice is done in cases of the holy churches, the poor, wards and widows, and the whole people.

(a)