What sex chromosomes does an individual have with Turner syndrome? What are the symptoms?

• XXY; infertility and tall stature

• XO; short stature, infertility, and some physical abnormalities

• XXX; normal females

• XYY; tall males

What about a metafemale?

• XO; short stature

• XXX; usually normal females with few symptoms

• XXY; male infertility

• XYY; tall males

What about Klinefelter’s syndrome?

• XXY males; infertility, some female characteristics

• XYY males; tall stature

• XXX females; completely normal

• XO females; infertile

What about Jacob’s syndrome?

• XYY males; tall stature and sometimes learning difficulties

• XXY males

• XO females

• XXX females

What causes most chromosome changes in structure?

• Errors in crossing over during meiosis

• Mistakes during translation

• Exposure to water

• Mitosis

What is an inversion?

• A chromosome segment breaks off and reinserts backward

• A chromosome segment is lost

• A chromosome segment moves to another chromosome

• A chromosome segment is repeated

What is a translocation?

• A segment moves to a nonhomologous chromosome

• A chromosome segment breaks and reverses

• A chromosome segment is lost

• A segment is duplicated

What is a deletion?

• Loss of a chromosome segment

• A segment moves to another chromosome

• A segment reverses direction

• A segment is duplicated

What is a duplication?

• A segment is repeated

• A segment is deleted

• A segment moves to another chromosome

• A segment reverses

What does the Blending Theory of Inheritance state?

• Traits mix permanently from both parents

• Traits remain discrete from each parent

• Traits are determined by proteins

• Genes are inherited randomly