Exam 4

Naegleria fowleri

• come from cysts in feces (fecal-oral transmission) – causes dysentery (bloody
  mucoid stools, fever, pain) and even liver abscess

• only ciliate that is pathogenic to humans – in tropical areas in the pigs’ intestines –
  passes to humans via contaminated food/water – causes diarrhea

• causes trichomoniasis – painful vaginal
  infection with frothy yellow-green discharge and a bad odor. 2.1% of
  U.S. women are infected

• found in freshwater ponds, causes rare cases of encephalitis when forced up the
  nose

• most common intestinal protozoan parasite in U.S. –
  causes diarrhea that lasts more than a week! – found in contaminated
  streams – resistant to even chlorine, so it must be filtered. Signature
  appearance

Entamoeba histolytic

• come from cysts in feces (fecal-oral transmission) – causes dysentery (bloody
  mucoid stools, fever, pain) and even liver abscess

• only ciliate that is pathogenic to humans – in tropical areas in the pigs’ intestines –
  passes to humans via contaminated food/water – causes diarrhea

• causes trichomoniasis – painful vaginal
  infection with frothy yellow-green discharge and a bad odor. 2.1% of
  U.S. women are infected

• found in freshwater ponds, causes rare cases of encephalitis when forced up the
  nose

• most common intestinal protozoan parasite in U.S. –
  causes diarrhea that lasts more than a week! – found in contaminated
  streams – resistant to even chlorine, so it must be filtered. Signature
  appearance

Balantidium coli

• come from cysts in feces (fecal-oral transmission) – causes dysentery (bloody
  mucoid stools, fever, pain) and even liver abscess

• only ciliate that is pathogenic to humans – in tropical areas in the pigs’ intestines –
  passes to humans via contaminated food/water – causes diarrhea

• causes trichomoniasis – painful vaginal
  infection with frothy yellow-green discharge and a bad odor. 2.1% of
  U.S. women are infected

• found in freshwater ponds, causes rare cases of encephalitis when forced up the
  nose

• most common intestinal protozoan parasite in U.S. –
  causes diarrhea that lasts more than a week! – found in contaminated
  streams – resistant to even chlorine, so it must be filtered. Signature
  appearance

Giardia lamblia

• come from cysts in feces (fecal-oral transmission) – causes dysentery (bloody
  mucoid stools, fever, pain) and even liver abscess

• only ciliate that is pathogenic to humans – in tropical areas in the pigs’ intestines –
  passes to humans via contaminated food/water – causes diarrhea

• causes trichomoniasis – painful vaginal
  infection with frothy yellow-green discharge and a bad odor. 2.1% of
  U.S. women are infected

• found in freshwater ponds, causes rare cases of encephalitis when forced up the
  nose

• most common intestinal protozoan parasite in U.S. –
  causes diarrhea that lasts more than a week! – found in contaminated
  streams – resistant to even chlorine, so it must be filtered. Signature
  appearance

Trichomonas vaginalis

• come from cysts in feces (fecal-oral transmission) – causes dysentery (bloody
  mucoid stools, fever, pain) and even liver abscess

• only ciliate that is pathogenic to humans – in tropical areas in the pigs’ intestines –
  passes to humans via contaminated food/water – causes diarrhea

• causes trichomoniasis – painful vaginal
  infection with frothy yellow-green discharge and a bad odor. 2.1% of
  U.S. women are infected

• found in freshwater ponds, causes rare cases of encephalitis when forced up the
  nose

• most common intestinal protozoan parasite in U.S. –
  causes diarrhea that lasts more than a week! – found in contaminated
  streams – resistant to even chlorine, so it must be filtered. Signature
  appearance

Trypanosoma brucei

• causes “Chagas’ disease”. Mostly occur in Rural Latin America, spread by the
  Kissing bug (reduviid bug). Insect bites and defecates on skin; scratching allows the microbe to enter
  the body. Spreads to organs, if not treated can be fatal

• cause malaria = transmitted by mosquito (Anopheles). Enters blood, goes to liver,
  multiples, gets into blood, infects RBCs, multiples inside them, lyses, releases more parasites. This
  causes anemia and enlarged spleen due to destroyed RBCs. Clogs from damages cells halt blood supply
  to vital organs.
  Giardia lamblia

• Eating rare meat that contains cysts, or cat feces contaminating food. Usually only
  an issue for immunosuppressed patients or pregnant women handling cat litter (it can kill an embryo).

• causes skin lesions, transmitted by Sand Flies (Phlebotomus)

• causes African sleeping sickness, a form a
  encephalitis – spread by tsetse fly bite

Trypanosoma cruzi

• causes “Chagas’ disease”. Mostly occur in Rural Latin America, spread by the
  Kissing bug (reduviid bug). Insect bites and defecates on skin; scratching allows the microbe to enter
  the body. Spreads to organs, if not treated can be fatal

• cause malaria = transmitted by mosquito (Anopheles). Enters blood, goes to liver,
  multiples, gets into blood, infects RBCs, multiples inside them, lyses, releases more parasites. This
  causes anemia and enlarged spleen due to destroyed RBCs. Clogs from damages cells halt blood supply
  to vital organs.
  Giardia lamblia

• Eating rare meat that contains cysts, or cat feces contaminating food. Usually only
  an issue for immunosuppressed patients or pregnant women handling cat litter (it can kill an embryo).

• causes skin lesions, transmitted by Sand Flies (Phlebotomus)

• causes African sleeping sickness, a form a
  encephalitis – spread by tsetse fly bite

Leishmania donovani

• causes “Chagas’ disease”. Mostly occur in Rural Latin America, spread by the
  Kissing bug (reduviid bug). Insect bites and defecates on skin; scratching allows the microbe to enter
  the body. Spreads to organs, if not treated can be fatal

• cause malaria = transmitted by mosquito (Anopheles). Enters blood, goes to liver,
  multiples, gets into blood, infects RBCs, multiples inside them, lyses, releases more parasites. This
  causes anemia and enlarged spleen due to destroyed RBCs. Clogs from damages cells halt blood supply
  to vital organs.
  Giardia lamblia

• Eating rare meat that contains cysts, or cat feces contaminating food. Usually only
  an issue for immunosuppressed patients or pregnant women handling cat litter (it can kill an embryo).

• causes skin lesions, transmitted by Sand Flies (Phlebotomus)

• causes African sleeping sickness, a form a
  encephalitis – spread by tsetse fly bite

Plasmodium

• causes “Chagas’ disease”. Mostly occur in Rural Latin America, spread by the
  Kissing bug (reduviid bug). Insect bites and defecates on skin; scratching allows the microbe to enter
  the body. Spreads to organs, if not treated can be fatal

• cause malaria = transmitted by mosquito (Anopheles). Enters blood, goes to liver,
  multiples, gets into blood, infects RBCs, multiples inside them, lyses, releases more parasites. This
  causes anemia and enlarged spleen due to destroyed RBCs. Clogs from damages cells halt blood supply
  to vital organs.
  Giardia lamblia

• Eating rare meat that contains cysts, or cat feces contaminating food. Usually only
  an issue for immunosuppressed patients or pregnant women handling cat litter (it can kill an embryo).

• causes skin lesions, transmitted by Sand Flies (Phlebotomus)

• causes African sleeping sickness, a form a
  encephalitis – spread by tsetse fly bite

Toxoplasma gondii

• causes “Chagas’ disease”. Mostly occur in Rural Latin America, spread by the
  Kissing bug (reduviid bug). Insect bites and defecates on skin; scratching allows the microbe to enter
  the body. Spreads to organs, if not treated can be fatal

• cause malaria = transmitted by mosquito (Anopheles). Enters blood, goes to liver,
  multiples, gets into blood, infects RBCs, multiples inside them, lyses, releases more parasites. This
  causes anemia and enlarged spleen due to destroyed RBCs. Clogs from damages cells halt blood supply
  to vital organs.
  Giardia lamblia

• Eating rare meat that contains cysts, or cat feces contaminating food. Usually only
  an issue for immunosuppressed patients or pregnant women handling cat litter (it can kill an embryo).

• causes skin lesions, transmitted by Sand Flies (Phlebotomus)

• causes African sleeping sickness, a form a
  encephalitis – spread by tsetse fly bite