Geography: Tropical Rainforest & Mangroves

What is the main difference between the structures of Tropical rainforest and Mangrove Forest?

You may select 2 options.

• Tropical rainforest has vertical structure

• Mangrove forest has horizontal zonation

• Mangrove is made of 3 layers: emergent layer, canopy layer & undergrowth

• Tropical rainforest is made of 3 zones: coastal, middle and inland zones

Why are there more variety and diversity of plant and animal species, in Tropical rainforest than mangrove forest? You may select 2 options.

• Tropical rainforests have favourable climatic conditions

• Mangroves has abundant sunlight, high temperature & high rainfall

• Mangrove forests have less favorable climatic conditions

• Tropical rainforests have coastal waters of high salinity, making it difficult for plants to survive in

What are some features of the canopy layer? You may select 2 options.

• They are crowns of the tallest trees

• Crowns interlock to form a thick & near-continuous mass of branches & leaves

• Height of 30 meters or more

• Height of 20 - 30 metres

Which layer of the tropical rainforest prevents 97 - 98% of sunlight from passing through to the forest floor?

• Emergent layer

• Undergrowth layer

• Canopy layer

What are some purposes of drip tips? You may select 2 options.

• Enable plant to absorb as much sunlight as possible

• Reduce water loss via transpiration

• Allow rainwater to fall off easily & dry quickly

• Prevent fungal and bacterial growth on leaves

What are some purposes of buttress roots? You may select 2 options.

• Absorb nutrients in topmost layer as quickly as possible

• Provide firm support for tall trees due to favourable growth conditions of tropical climate

• Keep them upright & prevent them from toppling over

•  To allow oxygen intake in waterlogged soil

What are some features of Avicennia roots? You may select 2 options.

• Pencil roots with slender appearance

• Conical appearance

• Grow up to 20cm tall

• Grow up to 1.5m tall

What are some features of Sonneratia leaves? You may select 2 options.

• Store salt in older leaves which eventually shed

• Enable them to remove salt from saline water that their roots have absorbed

• Salt-secreting leaves

• Salt-depositing leaves

Name the species found in the inland zone, which has knee-bend roots.

Name the species found in the middle zone, which has curved prop roots.