Criminology Unit Review (Chapter 1 Dixon)

What is the primary function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC)?

• Processing emotions like fear and anger

• Inhibiting impulsive behavior

• Detecting threats in the environment

• Regulating sleep patterns

Which historical figure is associated with the first observation of how brain damage can change behavior?

• Sigmund Freud

• Phineas Gage

• Albert Einstein

• Charles Darwin

What is neuroplasticity?

• The brain's ability to change due to experience

• The process of neurotransmission

• The genetic predisposition to criminal behavior

• The study of brain imaging techniques

What is the role of the amygdala in aggression?

• It controls voluntary movements

• It regulates sleep patterns

• It processes empathy and negative emotions

• It inhibits impulsive behavior

Which hormone is linked with aggression and status-seeking behavior?

• Dopamine

• Cortisol

• Serotonin

• Testosterone

What is the 'warrior gene' scientifically known as?

• MAOA-L

• DRD4

• 5-HTT

• COMT

What is the primary function of serotonin in the brain?

• Controlling voluntary movements

• Enhancing memory

• Increasing aggression

• Regulating mood

What is the significance of the Dunedin Study in understanding the MAOA gene?

• It highlighted the interaction between the MAOA-L gene and childhood maltreatment in predicting violent behavior.

• It proved that the MAOA-H gene is linked to aggression.

• It demonstrated that the MAOA-L gene alone is sufficient for criminal behavior.

• It showed that all people with the MAOA-L gene become violent criminals.

What is the main ethical concern with animal research in psychology?

• Animals cannot provide informed consent

• Animal research is too expensive

• Animal studies are not valid

• Animals are not similar to humans

What is the purpose of the Three Rs in animal research?

• To promote the use of only vertebrates in research

• To increase the number of animals used

• To ensure animals are not used in any research

• To reduce, refine, and replace animal use in research