Fundamental Laws and Thermodynamics

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

• Mass of material before reaction and after reaction is equal.

• Chemical compounds have the same composition regardless of source.

• Masses of one element combined with fixed mass of another are in ratio of small whole numbers.

What do endothermic reactions do?

• Absorb heat from the surroundings.

• Release heat to the surroundings.

• Have no effect on heat.

What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics state?

• If two bodies are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in equilibrium with each other.

• Energy can be converted from one form to another.

• The entropy of the universe increases in a spontaneous process.

What is the definition of pH?

• Negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration.

• Measure of temperature.

• Measure of pressure.

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used for?

• To calculate the concentration of a weak acid and its conjugate base in an aqueous solution.

• To measure the temperature of a solution.

• To determine the pressure of a gas.

What is the primary use of low-intensity shivering?

• Primarily uses fats for long-term use.

• Primarily uses glucose for short-term use.

• Has no significant use.

What happens when there is an increase in the concentration of a substance in a chemical equilibrium?

• Shifts away from the substance.

• Shifts towards the substance.

• No shift occurs.

What is the definition of entropy?

• Measure of the change in randomness or disorder of the reactants and products.

• Measure of energy transfer.

• Measure of temperature change.