Autocoids and Histamine

What effect does histamine have on bronchial smooth muscle?

• Histamine causes bronchodilation, relaxing the airways.

• Histamine has no effect on bronchial smooth muscle.

• Histamine causes bronchioconstriction, making asthma patients highly sensitive.

• Histamine increases the diameter of the bronchi, easing breathing.

What are the pharmacological actions of histamine on blood vessels?

• Histamine causes dilation of smaller blood vessels and constriction of larger arteries and veins.

• Histamine causes constriction of all blood vessels.

• Histamine has no effect on blood vessels.

• Histamine causes dilation of larger arteries and constriction of smaller blood vessels.

What is cetirizine?

• A first-generation antihistamine with low affinity for H1 receptors.

• A second-generation antihistamine with high affinity for peripheral H1 receptors.

• An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.

• A pain reliever used for mild to moderate pain.

Where is histamine primarily located in the body?

• In the brain and spinal cord

• In mast cells, particularly in the skin, gastric and intestinal mucosa, lungs, liver, and placenta

• In red blood cells

• In the heart and kidneys

What are second-generation antihistamines?

• H1-receptor blockers marketed before 1980 with higher selectivity and fewer side effects.

• H1-receptor blockers marketed after 1980 with higher selectivity and fewer side effects.

• H2-receptor blockers with lower selectivity and more side effects.

• H1-receptor blockers that are non-selective and cause sedation.

What is the origin of the word 'Autocoid'?

• Derived from Latin: 'Auto' meaning self and 'Cura' meaning care.

• Derived from Greek: 'Autos' meaning self and 'Akos' meaning healing substance or remedy.

• Derived from French: 'Auto' meaning self and 'Coi' meaning to heal.

• Derived from Spanish: 'Auto' meaning self and 'Cuidado' meaning attention.

What are autocoids?

• Hormones produced by the endocrine system.

• Diverse substances produced by various cells in the body with intense biological activity.

• Enzymes that aid in digestion.

• Antibodies that fight infections.

What is the clinical utility of H3 antagonists?

• Selective H3 antagonists like thioperamide have found significant clinical utility.

• Selective H3 antagonists like thioperamide have not found any clinical utility.

• H3 antagonists are primarily used for treating allergies.

• H3 antagonists are effective in managing chronic pain.

How is histamine synthesized?

• Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid histidine.

• Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine.

• Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid glutamine.

• Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid serine.

What is the advantage of second-generation antihistamines over first-generation?

• They are more effective in treating allergies.

• They do not impair psychomotor performance and have minimal sedation.

• They are cheaper than first-generation antihistamines.

• They have a faster onset of action.