A4 Series A4.1 Evolution & Speciation A4.2 Conservation of Biod

Which of the following is an example of speciation?

• Selective breeding to produce new varieties of the wheat Triticum aestivum with higher crop yields.

• Evolution of different courtship behaviours in separate populations of the cricket Gryllus rubens.

• Natural selection leading to an increase in the frequency of darker individuals of Biston betularia.

• Selective feeding by koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) on eucalyptus species.

Which evolutionary pathway is most likely to result in the evolution of analogous structures in species W and Z?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

• The pentadactyl limbs of bats and lizards.

• The opposable thumbs of humans and chimpanzees.

• The wings of penguins for swimming and of eagles for flying.

• The front fins of dolphins and sharks for swimming.

Outline how modern maize (corn) was developed from teosinte over thousands of years of artificial selection.

• During the Stone Age, farmers planted teosinte. Each generation, they selected the grains that were the largest and softest. Over many generations, maize was developed. Certain traits, such as the husk to protect the kernels, were selected for by artificial selection.

• Maize was developed by crossbreeding teosinte with wild rice, resulting in a hybrid plant with larger kernels.

• Modern maize was created by exposing teosinte seeds to radiation, causing random mutations that led to the maize we know today.

• Teosinte naturally evolved into maize without any human intervention, simply due to changes in climate and soil conditions.

Describe the process of adaptive radiation.

• Adaptive radiation occurs when many species evolve from a single species in a relatively short time. Examples include lemurs on Madagascar or finches on the Galapagos Islands where each species evolved to be well adapted to different niches.

• Adaptive radiation is the process where unrelated species develop similar traits due to living in similar environments.

• Adaptive radiation refers to the gradual change in a single species over millions of years without forming new species.

• Adaptive radiation is when a species becomes extinct due to inability to adapt to environmental changes.

What is the number of digits (fingers) in the dolphin?

• 5

• 3

• 6

• 4

What is the description of phalanges (finger bones) in the bat? (short/long, wide/narrow)

• Very long and thin

• Short and wide

• Short and thick

• Long and wide

Which of these events would most likely lead to adaptive radiation?

• Limitation of a vital resource.

• Immigration of an ancestral species to a diverse group of islands.

• A richly diverse ecosystem.

• Enhanced volcanic activity resulting in numerous sulfur compounds in the atmosphere.

Which of the following statements best distinguishes between genetic diversity and species diversity?

• Genetic diversity is the variation of genes within a species, while species diversity is the variety of species within a habitat.

• Genetic diversity is the number of habitats in an ecosystem, while species diversity is the number of genes in a species.

• Genetic diversity is the variety of species in a habitat, while species diversity is the variation of genes within a species.

• Genetic diversity and species diversity both refer to the number of individuals in a population.

The primary difference between the sixth (current) mass extinction and the previous five mass extinction events is:

• The current extinction is primarily caused by human activities, while previous ones were caused by natural events.

• The current extinction is happening much slower than previous ones.

• The previous extinctions only affected marine life, while the current one affects only land animals.

• The previous extinctions were caused by climate change, while the current one is caused by volcanic eruptions.