Which of the following best reflects the defining characteristic of a machine in both natural and engineered systems?

• It must contain at least one moving metal part

• It stores energy for long-term use

• It converts energy into directed work or useful output

• It responds automatically to external signals

Which of the following would least be considered a machine because it does not use internal components to convert energy into directed work?

• A human heart pumping blood

• A river flowing downhill

• A cell’s flagellum rotating to propel it

• A piston engine driving a car forward

In the context of this course, what makes a natural system qualify as a “nature’s machine”?

• It is found in nature and remains passive unless externally stimulated

• It operates without any input of energy

• It performs a specific function using energy and coordinated components

• It breaks down easily like biological tissues

Which of the following is the most accurate example of a molecular machine performing mechanical work inside cells?

• DNA

• Mitochondrion

• Kinesin

• Insulin

Which option best reflects the key features that define life in modern biology?

• The ability to move and communicate

• The presence of organs and blood

• Ability to carry out metabolism, reproduce, and respond to stimuli

• Growth in size and presence of DNA

Which of the following is the smallest structure capable of performing all functions of life independently?

• Nucleus

• Protein

• Cell

• Organelle

Why is understanding biology important for engineering students in this course?

• To help them prepare for medical school

• To use nature based solutions in building sustainable technologies

• To understand animal and plant classification

• Because biology is easier than physics

Which of the following best illustrates how biological understanding leads to innovation in health-related technology?

• Artificial valve mimicking the function of a human heart valve

• Pacemaker battery improvements

• Thermometers for measuring fever

• Metal implants used to fix broken bones

Which of these represents the use of biological systems for energy generation?

• Solar panels

• Petrol-based generators

• Algal biofuel reactors

• Wind turbines

Which of the following is the clearest example of biology contributing to environmental remediation?

• Satellites monitoring forest cover

• Earthworms decomposing organic matter

• Plastic-eating bacteria engineered to break down PET

• Use of cement to seal polluted landfills