The Self as Cognitive Construct Quiz

According to Jhaniani and Tarry (2014), what is the "self"?

• A fixed personality trait inherited at birth.

• The sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals.

• A collection of unconscious desires and instincts.

• Primarily an external image presented to others.

William James (1890) conceptualized the self with two aspects. What are they?

• The Conscious and the Unconscious.

• The Actual self and the Ideal self.

• The Id and the Superego.

• The "I" and the "Me".

Carl Rogers' (1959) concept of "self-schema" refers to:

• The image others have of you.

• Our own organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are.

• A defense mechanism used to protect the ego.

• The unconscious drives that motivate behavior.

Which part of Sigmund Freud's model of the mind operates on instinctual drives and seeks immediate pleasure, without regard for realism or logic?

• The Ego

• The Superego

• The Id

• The Conscious

According to G.H. Mead's (1934) Theory of Symbolic Interactionism, how is the self created and developed?

• Through genetic predispositions.

• Primarily through individual introspection.

• Through human interaction.

• By strictly adhering to societal norms.

Carver and Scheier (1981) identified two types of self-awareness. What are they?

• The Actual self and the Ought self.

• The Private self and the Public self.

• The Conscious self and the Unconscious self.

• The Ideal self and the Narcissistic self.

Which type of social comparison involves comparing ourselves with those who are *worse off* than us, often leading to a positive self-concept and increased self-esteem?

• Upward social comparison

• Downward social comparison

• Lateral social comparison

• Indirect social comparison

According to the Self-Evaluation Maintenance Theory, when someone close to us outperforms us, what is one of the common reactions?

• Immediately celebrating their success without reservation.

• Ignoring their achievement completely.

• Distancing ourselves from that person or redefining the relationship.

• Offering to coach them to improve further.

What is "Deindividuation" as described in the presentation?

• A heightened sense of individual responsibility.

• The loss of individual self-awareness and individual accountability in groups.

• The process of forming a unique personal identity.

• An increase in critical thinking when in a crowd.

Narcissism is characterized by:

• Low self-esteem and shyness.

• Overly high self-esteem, self-admiration, and self-centeredness.

• A balanced view of one's strengths and weaknesses.

• A strong desire for group conformity.