Quarter 2 Checkpoint Review

What must happen at point “A” in order for a metamorphic rock to be transformed into an igneous rock?

• It must be compressed by high temperatures and pressure within Earth's crust.

• It must be soaked in water until it dissolves and reforms into a different shape.

• It must be weathered into sand grains and compressed into multiple layers.

• It must be pulled under Earth's crust, melted, and forced out above the crust to cool.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Gravity, water, wind, and heat can all contribute to erosion. Which of the following natural landforms are primarily formed by wind erosion?

• Desert sand dunes

• Deep river canyons

• Mudslides

• Sinkholes

Human actions can cause significant changes to the plant’s surface. Vegetation has been cleared by humans. If there is any rain in that area, which of the following is most likely to increase?

• Erosion

• Earthquakes

• Volcanic activity

• Chemical weathering

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

A student claims that studying rock layers on the side of a mountain would show that Earth has changes over geological time. Which type of evidence from the rock layers best supports this claim?

• Some rock layers are solid, and other rock layers have holes that store water.

• Rock layers that are composed of sand and silt are found in different locations.

• Rock layers that are thick and smooth are deeper than rock layers that are thin and rough.

• Some rock layers contain fossils of plants, and other rock layers contain fossils of marine animals.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

A geologist examines a sample of beach rock and discovered that it was composed of grains of sand squeezed tightly together. The quartz grains were cemented together by narrow bands of calcium carbonate. What geological event occurred that led to the formation of this rock?

• Heat and pressure

• Deposition

• Melting and cooling

• Weathering and erosion

The surface of the Earth is constantly changing due to forces that tear
down and forces that build up. Based on the diagram, what is one pathway between rock types that connects these two types of forces?

• Igneous rocks to metamorphic rocks

• Sedimentary rocks to igneous rocks

• Igneous rocks to magma

• Igneous rock to sedimentary rocks

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Based on the diagram, which process is most likely to be associated with the formation of metamorphic rock from a sedimentary rock?

• Earthquake at a transform plate boundary

• Mountain-building at a convergent plate boundary

• Trench development at a convergent plate boundary

• Mid-ocean ridge formation at a divergent plate boundary

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which of the following would scientists classify as a subsurface event in the rock cycle?

• Lava cools and hardens into igneous rock.

• Gravity causes rocks to erode and be deposited elsewhere.

• Tectonic plates push rock deep enough to melt.

• Wind blows across rock, causing it to weather.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Suppose a fossil is found in the Redwall Limestone layer. Which of the following statements is a correct comparison to fossils found in other layers?

• Any fossils found in the Esplanade Sandstone layer are much older.

• Any fossils found in the Temple Butte layer are younger.

• Any fossils found in the Manakacha Formation are younger.

• Any fossils from the Hermit Shale layer are approximately the same age.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Which rock layer at Site 2 is the oldest according to the Law of Superposition?

• Layer 1 is the oldest

• Layer 2 is the oldest

• Layer 3 is the oldest

• Layer 4 is the oldest

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4