5 APHuG: Agriculture

Bid-rent theory

• Land costs decrease as one approaches a city's central business district.

• Land/property/rental unit costs increase the closer one gets to a city's central business district, resulting in cities organically creating zones based on building function.

• Rental prices are uniform across different areas of a city regardless of distance from the central business district.

• The central business district has the lowest land costs in a city.

Metes and bounds system

• A method of land surveying that uses precise measurements and coordinates.

• A system of land surveying that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees; imprecise in nature.

• A legal framework for land ownership based on government regulations.

• A technique for mapping land using satellite imagery.

Commodity

• A type of financial instrument used for trading stocks.

• A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.

• A finished product that is sold in retail stores.

• A service provided by a company to its customers.

Intensive Farming

• Type of agriculture that uses high levels of inputs such as labor, fertilizer or irrigation to maximize crop yields.

• A method of farming that relies solely on organic practices without any chemical inputs.

• A farming technique that focuses on extensive land use with minimal inputs.

• A type of agriculture that is practiced in arid regions with limited water resources.

Biodiversity

• The total number of species in the world.

• The variety of organisms in a location.

• The study of ecosystems and their interactions.

• The process of evolution in different species.

Deforestation

• The destruction of forest or forested areas by human or natural means.

• The process of planting new trees in a forested area.

• The conversion of forest land into agricultural land.

• The natural cycle of forest growth and decay.

Market gardening/truck farming

• Large scale production of grains for export.

• Small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers.

• Production of livestock for meat and dairy products.

• Cultivation of crops primarily for industrial use.

Biotechnology

• A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.

• A method of creating artificial intelligence systems to enhance agricultural productivity.

• A technique for cloning animals without using genetic material.

• A process that involves the use of chemical fertilizers to improve crop yield.

Organic farming

• Approach to farming that uses synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

• Method of farming that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other synthetic inputs.

• Farming technique that relies heavily on genetically modified organisms.

• A type of agriculture that focuses solely on livestock production.

Fair Trade

• A concept that promotes free trade without regulations.

• A system where producers are paid fair prices for their products and workers receive fair wages.

• A method to increase profits for large corporations.

• A strategy to eliminate all tariffs and trade barriers.