DPSY 2153 - METHODS OF CROSS-CUTURAL PSYCHOLOGY

Why is it important that instruments are equally valid and reliable across cultures?

• To reduce research costs.

• To ensure measurement equivalence.

• To increase sample size.

• To simplify data analysis.

When establishing the equivalence of constructs across cultures, which of the following data analysis is used?

• Regression analysis.

• Factorial analysis.

• Descriptive statistics.

• t-test

Which of the following options is part of the 'conceptual framework' in cross-cultural validity?

• Theoretical framework and operational definitions.

• The statistical software used.

• The funding agencies.

• The study's publication status.

What is meant by "linguistic equivalence" in cross-cultural research?

• Instruments are equally valid across cultures.

• The words used in instruments are similar across languages.

• Samples are representative of their countries.

• The methodology is standardized across cultures.

What is theoretical validity also referred to as ______________ validity.

• construct

• internal

• external

• content

Content validation is considered by some scholars as _______________.

• the most difficult process in cross-cultural validation

• the least effort-intensive way to ensure valid comparisons

• not important for cross-cultural validity

• a process only applicable to linguistic equivalence

Lack of equivalence in cross-cultural studies lead to ____________.

• increased validity

• bias and invalid comparison

• greater reliability

• more generalizable results

18. Which of the following options is a methodological issue in the cross cultural study?

• 18. Sampling adequacy.

• 18. Increased globalization of media.

• 18. Influence of historical events on cultural identity.

• 18. Government policies on education.

A researcher compares anxiety levels among students in Japan and the USA. The questionnaire was translated by a bilingual expert.

What is a primary concern in this scenario?

• Participant motivation.

• Language and translation issues.

• Sampling adequacy.

• Research setting differences.

A study reports that Japanese students outperform their Western counterparts in mathematics, but the study does not investigate educational systems.

Which fallacy might this involve?

• Ecological fallacy.

• Cultural attribution fallacy

• Sampling bias.

• Response bias.