Authoritarian states: Hitler's Germany

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

ECONOMIC FACTORS: Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to pay to the Allies compensation for damage caused during the First World War. These payments caused huge economic problems for Germany. What is the term used for this compensation?

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

CONDITIONS OF WAR: After the First World War, the allies forced Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles. Which THREE of following options were terms of this peace treaty, a treaty despised by Germans?

• Germany had to accept responsibility for causing the war under the War Guilt Clause

• Germany had to significantly reduce it armed forces

• Germany had to give up 25% of its territory

• Germany had to pay compensation to the Allies for damage caused during the war

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

ECONOMIC FACTORS: Paying reparations and the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 caused significant economic problems for Germany until an international agreement signed in 1924 arranged for reparations to be reduced and for Germay to receive US loans. What was this agreement called?

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

ECONOMIC FACTORS: What was the name of the world economic crisis that hit Germany particularly hard in the 1930s that resulted in businesses and banks closing and soaring unemployment?

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

SOCIAL DIVISIONS: Political divisions between the Left and Right caused social divisions in Germany. What TWO events of the 1920s best exemplify these social divisions?

• The French occupation of the Ruhr

• The Freikorp's Kapp Putsch

• Hatred of the Treaty of Versailles

• The Spartacist Uprising

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

SOCIAL DIVISIONS: Social conservatives in Germany struggled to accept the new liberal Weimar culture in the 1920s and many began to support a return to traditional German values. Which THREE of the following options were they opposed to?

• Female emancipation

• Great tolerance of homosexuality

• Anti-semitism

• Freedom of expression

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

WEAKNESSES OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM: Which electoral system, used by the Weimar Republic to elect Reichstag deputies, often led to the creations of unstable coalition governments?

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

WEAKNESSES OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM: Which emergency power stated in the Weimar constitution was used by President Hindenburg between 1930-32 to pass legislation, undermining democracy and demonstrating a preference for authoritarian rule amongst the conservative elites?

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

USE OF FORCE AND COERCION: Which THREE of the following options were strategies used by the Nazi paramilitary group, the SA, to help Hitler and the Nazi gain power?

• They marched on the German capital, and held Weimar politicians hostage.

• They violently attacked the Nazis' political opponents from the KPD and SPD

• They took part in the Munich Putsch, a failed attempt to seize power in Germany in 1923, helping raise the profile of the Nazi Party

• Their street battles with the KPD and SPD created public disorder, enabling Hitler to promise that he would restore law and order

EMERGENCE OF AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME IN GERMANY (1918-1933)

USE OF PROPAGANDA AND PERSUASION: Which THREE of the following options were election promises made by the Nazis in the elections between 1930-32?

• Canceling the Treaty of Versailles and regaining lost territory

• Create an right-wing authoritarian government that would protect Germany from communism

• The nationalisation of industry and land reform

• Solving the economic crisis and reducing unemployment