21st Literature

• Digital age, social media, activism, and global Filipino presence

• 2000's - 2010

• 2010's - Present

• 1990's - 2000

• 2020's - Present

pop culture and feminist essays

• Jessica Zafra

• Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

• Roxane Gay

• Bell Hooks

The first book printed in the Philippines was Doctrina Christiana (1593), a religious text.

• Introduction of Printing Press

• The First Novel in the Philippines

• The First Newspaper in the Philippines

• The First Encyclopedia in the Philippines

This period marked a significant shift from oral to written traditions, with literature serving both religious and political purposes.

• Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1898)

• Renaissance Period (14th-17th Century)

• Enlightenment Period (17th-19th Century)

• Victorian Era (1837-1901)

4 Key Characteristics of Pre-Colonial Philippine Literature:

• Oral Tradition

• Community-Based

• Didactic

• Nature and Spirituality

• Focused on cultural identity, decolonization, and social issues

• Essays and Criticism

• Historical Fiction

• Science Fiction

• Poetry

American ideals such as what? That influenced the themes of literature.

• Democracy, Freedom, and Individualism

• Collectivism, Conformity, and Obedience

• Tradition, Authority, and Hierarchy

• Isolationism, Fatalism, and Pessimism

4 Key Characteristics of The Spanish Colonial Period:

• Religious Influence, Didactic and Moralistic, Spanish and Latin Languages, and Introduction of Printing Press

• Economic Exploitation, Cultural Assimilation, Indigenous Languages, and Abolition of Slavery

• Military Conquest, Agricultural Development, Native American Tribes, and Introduction of Democracy

• Artistic Expression, Scientific Advancements, English Language, and Industrial Revolution

• Period of reconstruction, nationalism, and modernization (what year)

• 1940's - 1950's

• 1950's - 1960's

• 1960's - 1970's

• 1970's - 1980's

Puzzles in poetic form that test wit and creativity.

• Riddles (Bugtong)

• Anagrams

• Crosswords

• Word Searches