TenseSense

“Something is happening now, but it is not permanent.
(Now=Present)
(Happening Ongoing)
​ ​ ​ (a)  

• Present Continuous
• Present Tense
• Continuous Action

You have just observed an action. It started earlier, and it is still going on.
or
If someone asks how long it is going on?
​ (a)  

• Present Perfect Continuous
• Present Continuous
• Past Continuous

You notice an action is completed, but you don’t know when it happened.​ (may be just now/ uncertain)
(a)  

• Present  Perfect
• Past Tense
• Simple Past

You notice an action is completed, but the result is still affecting now.​ (a)  

• Present Perfect
• past tense
• Simple Past

You notice an action is completed, and you know the exact time.
(e.g. yesterday/last week/ in 2024)​ (a)  

• Simple Past
• Present Perfect
• Past tense

Two actions happened in the past, one after the other, immediately.​ (a)  

• Past Perfect
• Past Tense
• Simple past

When you are talking about something that was in progress in the past, and another action happened in between.​ (a)  

• Past Continuous
• Past Tense
• Past Perfect

When you talk about an action that will happen in the future​ (a)  

• Simple Future
• Future
• Future Continuous

An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future.​ (a)  

• Future Continuous
• Future 
• Simple Future