Psychology Research Methods

Hypothesis

• A statement of fact that cannot be tested.

• A testable prediction about the outcome of research.

• An untestable theory based on assumptions.

• A conclusion drawn from previous research.

Independent variable

• The variable that the research will actively manipulate and, if the hypothesis is correct, that will cause a change in the dependent variable.

• A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment.

• The outcome variable that is measured in response to changes in the independent variable.

• A variable that is not influenced by any other variables in the study.

Critical Thinking

• Thinking that accepts arguments without question.

• Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions.

• Thinking that relies solely on emotions.

• Thinking that avoids logical reasoning.

Random assignment

• A method for selecting participants based on their demographics.

• A procedure for creating groups that allows the researcher to control for individual differences among research participants.

• A technique for ensuring that all participants receive the same treatment.

• A strategy for increasing the sample size in a study.

Survey Method

• A technique that collects data through observation of behavior.

• A research technique that questions a sample of people to collect information about their attitudes or behaviors.

• A method that involves analyzing existing data without direct interaction with subjects.

• A process of conducting experiments in a controlled environment.

Random Sample

• A sample that fairly represents a population because each member of the population has an equal chance of being included.

• A sample that is selected based on convenience rather than random selection.

• A sample that includes only the most accessible members of a population.

• A sample that is chosen to reflect specific characteristics of a population.

Case Study

• A research technique that involves studying a group of people over time.

• A research technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

• A method of collecting data through surveys and questionnaires.

• A technique used to analyze statistical data from large populations.

Correlational Study

• A research project that investigates the degree to which two variables are related to each other.

• A study that manipulates one variable to determine its effect on another.

• A method of research that involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference.

• A type of research that focuses solely on qualitative data and interviews.

Confounding variable

• A variable that is manipulated by the researcher

• A variable that is measured in the experiment

• A variable other than the independent variable that could produce a change in the dependent variable.

• A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment.

Longitudinal Study

• A research technique that follows the same group of individuals over a long period.

• A method of collecting data at a single point in time.

• A study that compares different groups at the same time.

• A research design that focuses on a specific event or phenomenon.