Unit 2 Ancient Greek and Rome

Republic

• A form of government where the citizens elect people to represent them.

• A system where a monarch rules without any limitations.

• A type of government where all citizens vote on every issue directly.

• A political system where the government is run by a single dictator.

Democracy

• A government in which all citizens participate.

• A system where only a few people hold power.

• A form of government ruled by a king or queen.

• A political system where decisions are made by a single leader.

Plebeians

• A social class in Ancient Rome that included the aristocracy.

• Everyone other than the aristocracy in Ancient Rome; they could vote, but also owed military services and paid taxes.

• A group of wealthy landowners in Ancient Rome.

• Citizens of Ancient Rome who were not allowed to vote.

Roman Senate

• Most powerful ruling body in the Ancient Roman government.

• A group of elected officials in Ancient Rome.

• The military council of Ancient Rome.

• The judicial system of Ancient Rome.

Polis

• A type of ancient Greek temple.

• The Greek word for city-state.

• A form of government in ancient Greece.

• A famous Greek philosopher.

Alexander the Great

• A ruler of Greece who built one of the largest empires in history by conquering Greece, Egypt, Persia, and parts of India.

• A famous philosopher known for his teachings on ethics and politics.

• A military general who led the Roman Empire to victory in the Punic Wars.

• A king of Macedonia who was known for his contributions to the arts and sciences.

Hellenistic Culture

• Greek culture spread over most of the known world by Alexander the Great.

• Hellenistic culture was primarily focused on Roman traditions.

• Hellenistic culture emerged after the fall of the Roman Empire.

• Hellenistic culture was limited to the city of Athens.

Persians

• Largest and most powerful empire in Mesopotamia, known for the use of cavalry and their religious tolerance.

• A small city-state known for its trade and commerce.

• An ancient civilization famous for its pyramids and pharaohs.

• A nomadic tribe that conquered the Mediterranean region.

Patricians

• The Roman aristocracy; the only ones who could hold political office.

• A group of common citizens in ancient Rome.

• The military leaders of the Roman Empire.

• The merchants and traders of ancient Rome.

Julius Caesar

• First Roman Emperor, whose name came to mean 'King' in Latin.

• A famous Roman general known for his conquests in Gaul.

• The last ruler of the Roman Republic before the rise of the Empire.

• A renowned philosopher and writer in ancient Rome.