D1.2 Protein Synthesis

What is transcription in the context of gene expression?

• Transcription is the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

• Transcription is the process of translating RNA into DNA.

• Transcription is the replication of RNA into DNA.

• Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA during gene expression.

How does hydrogen bonding facilitate transcription?

• Hydrogen bonding strengthens the DNA helix, preventing transcription.

• Hydrogen bonding inhibits the action of RNA polymerase during transcription.

• Hydrogen bonding directly synthesizes mRNA from DNA.

• Hydrogen bonding allows DNA strands to separate, enabling RNA polymerase to transcribe mRNA.

Explain the role of complementary base pairing in transcription.

• Base pairing does not affect the transcription process.

• Transcription involves pairing A with T and C with G.

• Complementary base pairing ensures accurate transcription of DNA to RNA by matching A with U and C with G.

• Complementary base pairing is only important in DNA replication.

Why is the stability of DNA templates important for transcription?

• Stable DNA templates hinder the transcription process.

• It allows for accurate and efficient transcription.

• DNA stability is irrelevant for transcription.

• Transcription occurs only in unstable DNA regions.

What is the significance of transcription for gene expression?

• Transcription converts DNA into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins.

• Transcription is only important in prokaryotic cells, not eukaryotic cells.

• Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

• Transcription directly produces proteins from DNA.

Describe the process of translation in protein synthesis.

• Translation only happens during cell division.

• Ribosomes are not involved in the translation process.

• Translation occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

• Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA using ribosomes, involving initiation, elongation, and termination.

What roles do mRNA, ribosomes, and tRNA play in translation?

• mRNA carries amino acids, ribosomes decode DNA, and tRNA synthesizes proteins.

• mRNA provides the template, ribosomes facilitate translation, and tRNA brings amino acids.

• mRNA transports proteins, ribosomes store genetic information, and tRNA replicates DNA.

• mRNA acts as an enzyme, ribosomes provide energy, and tRNA signals the end of translation.

How does complementary base pairing occur between tRNA and mRNA?

• Base pairing happens between the mRNA and the mRNA itself.

• Complementary base pairing occurs between the anticodon of tRNA and the codon of mRNA.

• The codon of tRNA pairs with the anticodon of mRNA.

• Base pairing occurs between the amino acid of tRNA and the ribosome.

What are the key features of the genetic code?

• The genetic code is binary-based and specific.

• The genetic code is only found in humans.

• The genetic code is linear and not universal.

• The key features of the genetic code are: it is triplet-based, universal, redundant, and unambiguous.

How can the genetic code be represented using a table of mRNA codons?

• The genetic code is represented by a single mRNA codon for each amino acid.

• The genetic code is a linear sequence of DNA bases without any codons.

• The genetic code consists of 32 mRNA codons that only code for amino acids.

• The genetic code is represented by a table of 64 mRNA codons, each corresponding to an amino acid or a stop signal.