Human Body Functions and Genetics Quiz

The bladder stores urine until it is ready to be eliminated from the body. If the bladder is injured and cannot function properly, which bodily function would most likely be affected?

• Digestion of food

• Elimination of liquid waste (urine)

• Absorption of nutrients

• Breathing

Nutrients absorbed from the small intestine are transported to the liver before reaching the rest of the body. How does the liver process these nutrients to maintain health?

• It breaks down toxins and stores glucose

• It filters blood and produces urine

• It digests fats

• It stores bile for fat digestion

When the kidneys cannot filter blood effectively, waste products may build up in the body. What is the main effect of this on the body’s health?

• Causes dehydration

• Leads to toxic buildup in the blood

• Increases nutrient absorption

• Stops digestion completely

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and is made up of several parts. Which specific part is directly responsible for filtering blood to remove waste products?

• Glomerulus

• Ureter

• Bladder

• Urethra

The digestive and excretory systems have different main functions but are both essential for the body’s stability. Why are these two systems important for maintaining homeostasis?

• Because they control breathing and heart rate

• Because digestion absorbs nutrients and excretion removes waste, maintaining internal balance

• Because they produce hormones

• Because they control muscle movement

In Mendel’s famous pea plant experiments, purple flower color is dominant (P) over white flower color (p). If two plants with heterozygous genotypes (Pp) for purple flowers are crossed, what is the expected phenotype ratio of their offspring?

• 3 purple : 1 white

• 1 purple : 3 white

• 2 purple : 2 white

• 4 purple: 0 white

In genetics, the term "homozygous recessive" refers to having two identical recessive alleles for a trait. Which genotype combination below represents a homozygous recessive individual?

• AA

• Aa

• aa

• Aa or AA

You are analyzing a pedigree chart and notice that a certain trait appears only in males and is passed from a mother to her son, but never from father to son. Based on this pattern, what type of inheritance is most likely?

• Autosomal dominant

• Autosomal recessive

• X-linked recessive

• Mitochondrial inheritance