Practice Test 01

The reading text is for question 1 until 4


Question 1:
Which of the following best describes the central idea of the passage regarding the evolution of American federalism?

• The federal government has always dominated state governments in the U.S. system.

• The balance of power between the federal and state governments has shifted over time.

• States have continually resisted federal power since the founding of the Constitution.

• Federalism no longer plays a role in modern political debates in the United States.

Answer explanation

The passage details how the balance of power has evolved, from dual federalism to cooperative federalism, and how historical events have influenced these changes.

The reading text is for question 1 until 4


Question 2:
What does the term “dual federalism” most likely imply based on its use in the passage?

• The state and federal governments operate under the same set of rules.

• State and federal governments have shared even and equal powers and responsibilities.

• Each level of government maintains authority in distinct areas with minimal overlap.

• The federal government exercises control over state legislation.

Answer explanation

The passage defines dual federalism as a time when states operated with significant autonomy, indicating clear separations between federal and state responsibilities.

The reading text is for question 1 until 4


Question 3:
Which constitutional amendment is referenced to support state autonomy in modern debates?

• First Amendment

• Tenth Amendment

• Fourteenth Amendment

• Eighth Amendment

Answer explanation

The Tenth Amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states, supporting arguments for state sovereignty.

The reading text is for question 1 until 4


Question 4:
The passage suggests that federalism continues to be a contentious issue because:

• The Constitution does not define state powers.

• States want complete independence from the federal government, while the reality does not support to be so.

• Some believe strong federal oversight is necessary while others argue for state control.

• The judiciary has abolished state rights in recent years.

Answer explanation

The passage outlines contemporary debates, emphasizing opposing views on how power should be distributed.

The speech excerpt is for question 5 until 8


Question 5:
What is the purpose of Roosevelt’s repeated use of the phrase “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”?

• To warn the public about potential military attacks on American soil

• To calm the public by urging courage and collective strength during economic hardship

• To criticize the government for lacking the courage to act in past crises

• To explain why the United States must remain isolated from global affairs

Answer explanation

FDR uses the phrase as a rhetorical device to reassure the nation and inspire confidence in facing the Great Depression, not to address war or isolationism.

The speech excerpt is for question 5 until 8


Question 6:
What inference can be made about Roosevelt’s leadership style based on the speech?

• He believed in strict non-interventionist policies.

• He emphasized optimism, direct action, and government responsibility.

• He wanted to reduce the role of government during economic downturns.

• He relied solely on the private sector to solve national problems.

Answer explanation

FDR calls for action, government intervention (such as putting people to work), and a hopeful national spirit: hallmarks of his proactive leadership style.

The speech excerpt is for question 5 until 8


Question 7:
Why does Roosevelt compare the unemployment crisis to a wartime emergency?

• To justify declaring war on foreign nations to create jobs

• To argue that war was a more urgent problem than unemployment

• To emphasize the scale of the economic crisis and the need for immediate action

• To downplay the seriousness of the economic depression because he already had the New Deal as the solution

Answer explanation

By likening unemployment to a war emergency, Roosevelt underscores that the crisis is national in scale and requires swift, coordinated government action, similar to wartime mobilization.

The speech excerpt is for question 5 until 8


Question 8:
Which of the following ideas is NOT supported by President Roosevelt’s speech excerpt?

• Roosevelt believed the nation could overcome economic hardship with courage and action.

• Roosevelt considered unemployment the nation’s greatest challenge at the time.

• The president urged people to accept that prosperity was out of reach during hard times.

• Strong leadership and public support are both necessary in times of national crisis.

Answer explanation

Nowhere in the excerpt does Roosevelt suggest that Americans should accept hardship as permanent. In fact, he strongly encourages action and recovery.

The chart is for question 9 until 12


Question 9:
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data in the chart?

• Improving transportation infrastructure would significantly increase voter turnout.

• Time-related barriers are a greater deterrent to voting than weather-related concerns.

• People primarily avoid voting due to distrust in the electoral process and the candidates.

• Registration issues are the most common reason people give for not voting.

Answer explanation

“Too busy” (20.9%) and “Out of town” (10.2%) are both time-related barriers, which combined account for a much higher percentage than “Bad weather” (0.6%) or “Transportation problems” (2.4%). So, time-related barriers are clearly more significant.

The chart is for question 9 until 12


Question 10:
What proposal would most directly address the combined concerns of those who cited “Registration problems” and “Forgot” as reasons for not voting?

• Creating a same-day voter registration system with automatic reminder alerts.

• Offering rides or any transportation support to polling stations on Election Day.

• Increasing the number of polling stations in each district.

• Promoting national debates to make elections more engaging.

Answer explanation

“Registration problems” (6.9%) and “Forgot” (4.0%) together total 10.9%. A same-day registration system paired with automatic reminders would help resolve both access and memory issues.