Knee and Ligament Quiz

Which ligament prevents anterior dislocation of the femur on the tibia?

• Anterior cruciate ligament

• Posterior cruciate ligament

• Medial collateral ligament

• Lateral collateral ligament

Answer explanation

Prevents femur from sliding forward on tibia (mnemonic: PFM = Posterior stops Forward femur Movement)

A footballer sustains a hit to the lateral side of the knee in extension. Which ligament is most likely injured?

• Anterior cruciate ligament

• Tibial collateral ligament

• Posterior cruciate ligament

• Fibular collateral ligament

Answer explanation

Lateral force on extended knee strains MCL (most commonly injured ligament)

True about cruciate ligaments:

• Extracapsular

• Prevent medial rotation

• Supplied by femoral nerve

• Intracapsular

Answer explanation

Cruciate ligaments are inside the joint capsule but extrasynovial.

In an ACL injury, the tibia moves:

• Anterolateral

• Posteromedial

• Posterior

• Medial

Answer explanation

ACL injury → tibia slides forward + rotates laterally ("pivot shift")

Which structure is most likely compressed by pus in the adductor canal?

• Femoral vein

• Femoral artery

• Saphenous nerve

• Obturator nerve

Answer explanation

Pus compresses the low-pressure vein first (vein > artery > nerve).

The anteromedial wall of the adductor canal is formed by:

• Vastus medialis

• Sartorius

• Adductor longus

• Gracilis

Answer explanation

Forms the anteromedial wall (mnemonic: "Sartorius is the Sail-shaped muscle")

Contents of the adductor canal include all EXCEPT:

• Femoral artery

• Femoral vein

• Pudendal nerve

• Saphenous nerve

Answer explanation

Adductor canal contains femoral vessels + saphenous nerve (not pudendal)

In adults, the primary blood supply to the head of the femur is via:

• Obturator artery

• Retinacular arteries

• Lateral circumflex artery

• Medial circumflex artery

Answer explanation

Primary supply in adults (medial circumflex is backup)

A 60-year-old female with a neck of femur fracture likely has damage to which artery?

• Medial circumflex artery

• Obturator artery

• Femoral artery

• Inferior gluteal artery

Answer explanation

Main supplier to femoral neck; injury → avascular necrosis

Most common long bone fracture in adults:

• Femur

• Tibia

• Humerus

• Fibula

Answer explanation

Most fractured long bone (followed by femur)