REVIEWER IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

According to the Big Bang Theory, how did the universe begin?

• As a collection of stars

• As a dense, hot singularity

• From the collision of two galaxies

• As a vast expanse of cold space

In a debate about the origins of the universe, a speaker asserts that the universe is constantly expanding while maintaining a constant average density. Which theory are they most likely advocating?

• Big Bang Theory

• Oscillating Universe Theory

• Quantum Foam Theory

• Steady State Theory

In a discussion about the origins of the universe, a student mentions the Oscillating Universe Theory, which suggests that the universe undergoes cycles of expansion and contraction. What is an important implication of this theory?

• The universe will eventually expand forever.

• The universe is static and unchanging.

• The universe has no beginning or end, just cycles.

• The universe is currently in a state of collapse.

What does the capture theory propose about the formation of moons around planets?

• Moons formed from the same material as their host planets.

• Moons are captured objects from the solar system that were gravitationally pulled in by a planet.

• Moons are remnants of planetesimals that collided and merged.

• Moons are formed from the leftover gas and dust of the solar nebula.

A group of students is learning about the solar system's formation. Their teacher explains that the solar system formed from a rotating disk of gas and dust. What is this process called?

• Planetary differentiation

• Accretion Theory

• Nebular hypothesis

• Stellar evolution

What is the Mohs scale used for?

• Measuring mineral density

• Classifying minerals based on their chemical composition

• Determining the hardness of minerals

• Identifying minerals by their luster

In a lab experiment, a student observes a mineral that breaks into flat, smooth pieces. What physical property is this mineral demonstrating?

• Fracture

• Luster

• Color

• Cleavage

While examining a rock, a geologist notices small, visible crystals within it. The crystals are well-formed and show distinct edges. What property does this indicate about the mineral?

• Crystalline structure

• Amorphous structure

• Vitreous luster

• Dull appearance

A geologist conducts a test to determine a mineral's density by measuring its mass and volume. What property is this test evaluating?

• Hardness

• Specific gravity

• Cleavage

• Color

What is the primary process that leads to the formation of sedimentary rocks?

• Cooling of magma

• Heat and pressure

• Accumulation and compaction of particles

• Volcanic activity